ATP2B1 encodes a plasma membrane calcium-ATPase that catalyzes ATP hydrolysis to export calcium from the cytoplasm, maintaining intracellular calcium homeostasis 1. The protein functions as a calmodulin-dependent calcium pump critical for regulating intracellular free Ca2+ levels 1. Mechanism: ATP2B1 operates through calcium/calmodulin signaling pathways. In vascular smooth muscle cells, it regulates blood pressure by controlling intracellular calcium concentration and nitric oxide production 2. The gene also modulates endothelial barrier function and monocyte inflammatory responses 3. Disease relevance: De novo ATP2B1 variants cause neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, autism, and seizures; functional studies show these variants significantly impair calcium export capacity and cause protein mislocalization 1. Common polymorphisms (rs2681472, rs17249754) are strongly associated with hypertension susceptibility and blood pressure elevation across multiple populations 4. ATP2B1 genetic variants also correlate with eclampsia risk, cerebral infarction, and skeletal fluorosis 567. Notably, ATP2B1 knockout showed no effect on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in functional studies 8. Clinical significance: ATP2B1 represents a validated hypertension-susceptibility gene with strong ethnicity-dependent associations, making it relevant for personalized risk assessment and potential therapeutic targeting of calcium-handling pathways in cardiovascular and neurological disorders.