ATP5MGL is a minor subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase (Complex V) located in the F(0) membrane domain alongside subunit a. Based on limited published evidence, ATP5MGL functions in proton-transporting ATP synthase activity through rotational mechanisms that couple proton translocation to ATP synthesis across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Recent differential gene expression analysis identified ATP5MGL as upregulated in glioblastoma compared to lower-grade gliomas, suggesting potential involvement in mitochondrial dysregulation associated with tumor aggressiveness and invasion 1.