AURKB (Aurora Kinase B) is a serine/threonine kinase and core component of the chr17 passenger complex that orchestrates critical mitotic processes 123. Its primary function involves regulating chromosome 17, spindle assembly, and the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores 1234. AURKB governs cytokinesis progression through phosphorylation of multiple substrates including histone H3, INCENP, and CHMP4C, thereby controlling cleavage furrow formation and cytokinesis checkpoint signaling 56. Beyond mitotic roles, AURKB regulates transcription in lymphocytes through H3S28 phosphorylation 78 and suppresses cGAS activation during mitosis by N-terminal phosphorylation to prevent autoimmunity 9. Clinically, AURKB dysregulation drives multiple malignancies. In acute myeloid leukemia, early gilteritinib-resistant cells depend on AURKB, and pharmacological inhibition resensitizes resistant leukemia cells 10. In T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, AURKB directly phosphorylates and stabilizes MYC, creating a positive feedback loop that promotes leukemogenesis 11. AURKB is significantly upregulated in colorectal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, paclitaxel-resistant breast cancer, and rhabdomyosarcoma, consistently associating with poor prognosis 12131415. These findings establish AURKB as a therapeutic target, with AURKB inhibition showing promise for sensitizing resistant cancers to chemotherapy and enhancing immunotherapy responses 1013.