C3orf70 is a developmental gene involved in neural differentiation and neurobehavioral function. As a common target of proneural transcription factors Neurog1/2 and Ascl1, C3orf70 regulates neurogenesis in human and mouse stem cells 1. In zebrafish models, C3orf70 orthologs are expressed in midbrain and hindbrain regions, and loss of c3orf70 decreases expression of mature neuron markers (elavl3, eno2) and the midbrain/hindbrain marker irx3b 1. Functionally, c3orf70 knockout zebrafish exhibit significantly impaired neurobehaviors related to circadian rhythm and light-dark adaptation 1, supporting roles in circadian behavior regulation. Beyond neurodevelopmental functions, C3orf70 mutations have been identified in urothelial bladder cancer and incorporated into clinical prediction nomograms for lymph node metastasis risk 23. Additionally, C3orf70 DNA methylation variants are associated with body composition measures in preschool children 4, suggesting broader metabolic relevance. Defects in C3orf70 may contribute to midbrain/hindbrain-related neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders 1, making it a potential therapeutic target for understanding neurological pathophysiology.