CANT1 (calcium-activated nucleotidase 1) is a calcium-dependent phosphatase with substrate specificity for UDP, GDP, and other nucleotides, exhibiting minimal activity toward ADP and ATP 12. The protein plays a critical role in proteoglycan synthesis 3 and is essential for normal skeletal development, with deficiency causing developmental abnormalities 4. Mechanistically, CANT1 promotes cell proliferation and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma through NF-κB pathway activation 5. Knockdown of CANT1 results in decreased cell proliferation, invasion, and G1 phase cell-cycle arrest 6. The protein's expression is regulated by DNA methylation, with hypomethylation associated with elevated expression 6. Clinically, CANT1 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis across multiple cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and glioma, with high expression independently predicting adverse overall survival 768. CANT1 expression associates with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints 78. Pathogenic CANT1 variants cause Desbuquois dysplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, skeletal developmental disorders affecting epiphyseal development 9. The gene represents a potential therapeutic target for both cancer immunotherapy and skeletal development disorders 47.