CAPN10 (calpain 10) is a calcium-regulated cysteine protease involved in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. The enzyme catalyzes limited proteolysis of substrates mediating cytoskeletal remodeling and signal transduction, playing a role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and insulin secretion 1. CAPN10 appears linked to glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and action pathways through its protease activity in multiple tissues 1. Clinically, CAPN10 polymorphisms are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) susceptibility across multiple populations. The SNP43 G>A variant significantly increases T2DM risk in Asian populations, particularly Chinese cohorts, under multiple genetic models 2. Additionally, SNP19 (rs3792267) variants show independent association with T2DM in Indian populations 3, and CAPN10 variants associate with gestational diabetes mellitus, especially SNP63 and SNP44 45. The SNP19 genotype also correlates with excess weight in young people, even with active lifestyles 6. These genetic associations support CAPN10's established position as a T2DM susceptibility gene identified through positional cloning 1. CAPN10 represents a potential therapeutic target for diabetes management, with emerging interest in genetic editing approaches to modulate its function 7.