CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/MCP-1) is a CC-motif chemokine that functions primarily as a ligand for CCR2 receptor, mediating immune cell recruitment and inflammatory responses 1. The protein signals through CCR2 binding, inducing strong chemotactic responses and intracellular calcium mobilization, with selective activity for monocytes and macrophages but not neutrophils 2. CCL2 orchestrates monocyte/macrophage infiltration into inflamed tissues and is central to atherosclerosis pathogenesis 3. Beyond cardiovascular disease, elevated CCL2 levels are implicated in cancer progression through recruitment of immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages and promotion of metastasis, making the CCL2/CCR2 axis a key driver of pro-tumorigenic inflammation 4. In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, STAT3/CCL2 signaling suppresses cytotoxic T cell activity and enables immunotherapy resistance 5. CCL2 also contributes to neuropathic pain by regulating dorsal root ganglia neuron excitability 6. Clinically, CCL2 serves as a prognostic marker across multiple pathologies; elevated expression correlates with disease severity in COVID-19 1 and predicts poor outcomes in pituitary tumors through effects on angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 7. Therapeutic targeting of the CCL2/CCR2 axis shows promise in cancer-inflammation treatment when combined with immunotherapy.