CDH11 (cadherin 11) is a calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein that functions primarily in homophilic cell-cell adhesion and plays critical roles in both normal development and disease pathogenesis 1. In normal physiology, CDH11 mediates cell adhesion, migration regulation, and focal adhesion assembly. However, CDH11 exhibits context-dependent functions in disease. In rheumatoid arthritis, CDH11-expressing fibroblast subsets are significantly expanded and localize to perivascular zones, where they secrete proinflammatory cytokines and exhibit invasive characteristics 1. In pancreatic cancer, CDH11 expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes immunosuppression and extracellular matrix deposition, supporting tumor growth and gemcitabine resistance 2. CDH11 also facilitates breast cancer bone metastasis through enhanced translation mediated by YTHDF1 3, and promotes dormancy programs in early disseminated breast cancer cells that prevent metastatic outgrowth 4. Conversely, in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, CDH11 functions as a tumor suppressor, inhibiting proliferation and invasion 5. These findings highlight CDH11's dual nature as both a pathogenic mediator in inflammatory and fibrotic diseases and a context-dependent regulator of cancer progression, making it a potential therapeutic target across multiple disease contexts.