CTNND1 (p120-catenin) is a critical regulator of cell-cell adhesion that stabilizes cadherins at the cell surface and modulates their adhesive properties 1. Beyond its role in adherens junction maintenance, CTNND1 participates in Wnt signaling activation and regulates trophoblast proliferation and specification during embryo implantation 1. The gene also influences cytoskeletal dynamics through Rho family GTPases and can affect transcription via interactions with transcription factors 2. CTNND1 variants impair cell-to-cell interactions by altering E-cadherin localization and expression levels, potentially predisposing to early-onset gastric cancer through compromised epithelial integrity 3. The gene is frequently amplified in lung cancers (~3% of non-small cell cases), where elevated p120-catenin expression correlates with malignant phenotypes 4. Additionally, CTNND1 is implicated in orofacial cleft pathogenesis; its overexpression rescues morphogenesis defects in epithelial-derived structures 5. Recent genome-wide association studies identify CTNND1 as a potential causal candidate gene for obsessive-compulsive disorder 2. These findings underscore CTNND1's multifunctional role in developmental processes, epithelial homeostasis, and disease predisposition across diverse tissue contexts.