CHCHD1 is a mitochondrial protein that functions as a component of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome, specifically designated as MRPS37 in the small ribosomal subunit 1. It plays an essential role in mitochondrial protein synthesis and the translational machinery required for producing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex subunits 1. The protein contains a conserved coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix structural domain found across eukaryotes 2. Beyond its canonical mitochondrial function, CHCHD1 has emerged as a disease-relevant gene in multiple pathological contexts. Genetic variants in CHCHD1 are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, with significantly altered expression between CAD patients and controls 3. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), CHCHD1 is significantly upregulated and promotes tumor progression by enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immune evasion through transforming growth factor-β1 signaling, correlating with poor survival outcomes 4. CHCHD1 expression is stable across hypoxia conditions in cervical cancer, making it suitable as a reference gene for RT-qPCR studies 5. Additionally, CHCHD1 is a hub gene in YAP1 co-expression networks involved in mitochondrial dysfunction across multiple cancers 6. These findings position CHCHD1 as both a fundamental mitochondrial protein and a multifaceted biomarker in cancer and cardiovascular disease.