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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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CNIH3
cornichon family AMPA receptor auxiliary protein 3
Chromosome 1 · 1q42.12
NCBI Gene: 149111Ensembl: ENSG00000143786.9HGNC: HGNC:26802UniProt: Q8TBE1
16PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
regulation of AMPA receptor activityprotein bindingsignaling receptor bindingsynaptic transmission, glutamatergicmultiple sclerosismultinodular goiteralcohol drinkingopioid dependence
✦AI Summary

CNIH3 is an AMPA receptor auxiliary protein that regulates glutamatergic neurotransmission by modulating AMPAR trafficking to the cell membrane and synaptic sites, while controlling their gating kinetics including activation, deactivation, and desensitization rates 1. Beyond its canonical role in synaptic transmission, CNIH3 has emerged as a significant contributor to neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. Genome-wide association studies identified CNIH3 variants within a 1q42.11-q42.12 locus that protect against drug-resistant focal epilepsy, with higher CNIH3 expression associated with drug resistance 23. In opioid use disorder, multiple genome-wide significant CNIH3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified, with the rs10799590 A allele showing robust protection against opioid dependence (odds ratio 0.64) 45. Functional studies demonstrate that Cnih3 deletion in mice impairs spatial memory, reward-cue association, and fentanyl self-administration, suggesting CNIH3 modulates learning and memory processes relevant to addiction vulnerability 6. The therapeutic potential of CNIH3-selective modulators has been demonstrated through identification of compounds with differential allosteric effects on specific AMPAR-CNIH3 complexes 1. These convergent findings establish CNIH3 as a pivotal node integrating synaptic function with cognitive and motivational processes underlying neurological and psychiatric disease susceptibility.

Sources cited
1
CNIH3 variants in 1q42.11-q42.12 locus protect against drug-resistant focal epilepsy; higher CNIH3 expression associated with drug resistance
PMID: 40240269
2
Five genome-wide significant CNIH3 SNPs associated with opioid dependence; rs10799590 A allele protective with OR 0.64; functional in fetal brain
PMID: 26239289
3
CNIH3 identified as candidate gene in GWAS studies of opioid use disorder with small reproducible effect sizes
PMID: 30118972
4
GWAS identified significant locus at 1q42.11-q42.12 containing CNIH3/WDR26 for focal drug-resistant epilepsy
PMID: 40771158
5
Cnih3 deletion impairs spatial memory, reward-cue association, and fentanyl self-administration; sex-specific protective effects of SNPs
PMID: 41292766
6
CNIH3 is AMPAR auxiliary subunit; compounds identified with selective allosteric modulation of GluA2-CNIH3 complexes
PMID: 28358902
Disease Associationsⓘ20
multiple sclerosisOpen Targets
0.31Weak
multinodular goiterOpen Targets
0.30Weak
alcohol drinkingOpen Targets
0.30Weak
opioid dependenceOpen Targets
0.29Weak
smoking initiationOpen Targets
0.28Weak
Abruptio PlacentaeOpen Targets
0.26Weak
ProptosisOpen Targets
0.24Weak
cervical carcinomaOpen Targets
0.22Weak
spermatoceleOpen Targets
0.21Weak
type 2 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
placenta praeviaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
osteitis deformansOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
ependymomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
cystic fibrosisOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumorOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
medulloblastomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
childhood supratentorial ependymomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
partial epilepsyOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
GRIN1Protein interaction83%SHISA9Protein interaction82%GRIA1Protein interaction80%GRIA2Protein interaction80%GRIA3Protein interaction80%GRIA4Protein interaction80%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Brain
100%
Ovary
74%
Heart
21%
Lung
18%
Liver
17%
Bone Marrow
16%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
CNIH3GRIN1SHISA9GRIA1GRIA2GRIA3GRIA4
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
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AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt Q8TBE1
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.98LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.01Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.59 [0.37–0.98]
RankingsWhere CNIH3 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #15,233of 20,598
    Most Researched16
  • #9,419of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.98
Genes detectedCNIH3
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Genome-wide association meta-analyses of drug-resistant epilepsy.
PMID: 40240269
EBioMedicine · 2025
1.00
2
Evidence of CNIH3 involvement in opioid dependence.
PMID: 26239289
Mol Psychiatry · 2016
0.90
3
A review of opioid addiction genetics.
PMID: 30118972
Curr Opin Psychol · 2019
0.80
4
Unravelling the genetic complexity of drug-resistant epilepsy: a critical narrative review.
PMID: 40771158
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol · 2025
0.70
5
Cornichon Homolog-3 (Cnih3) deletion impairs spatial memory, reward-cue association, and fentanyl self-administration behavior.
PMID: 41292766
bioRxiv · 2025
0.60