GRIA1 encodes the GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptors, which are tetrameric ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system 1. These ligand-gated cation channels respond to L-glutamate and other glutamatergic agonists, converting chemical signals to electrical impulses through sodium and calcium influx. GRIA1 functions as part of heteromeric AMPA receptor complexes, with calcium permeability depending on subunit composition 1. The receptor undergoes rapid desensitization after activation and can show resensitization in the presence of specific auxiliary subunits. GRIA1 variants are associated with multiple neurological conditions. De novo mutations cause intellectual developmental disorders with features including autism spectrum disorder, seizures, and developmental epileptic encephalopathy 1. Genome-wide association studies have identified GRIA1 as a risk locus for post-traumatic stress disorder, where it functions as a synaptic modulator affecting neuronal excitability 2. Additionally, GRIA1 variants contribute to early neurological instability following ischemic stroke, potentially through excitotoxicity mechanisms 3. Polymorphisms in GRIA1 are also associated with migraine susceptibility, particularly in Asian populations 45. Beyond neurological functions, GRIA1 may play a role in bone metabolism and osteoporosis development 6.