CNR1 encodes cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R), a G protein-coupled receptor that binds endocannabinoid ligands with high affinity and modulates adenylate cyclase signaling 1. CNR1 is expressed throughout the brain at presynaptic and postsynaptic sites, including GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses, where it regulates neurotransmitter release 2. CNR1 mRNA expression shows moderate-to-strong correlation with CB1R protein levels in human brain tissue 1. Clinically, CNR1 dysregulation associates with multiple neuropsychiatric and metabolic disorders. In schizophrenia, CNR1 is downregulated in subcortical brain regions and positively correlates with GABAergic gene expression, suggesting involvement in negative symptoms 3. Astrocytic CB1R in the nucleus accumbens promotes stress resilience by stabilizing blood-brain barrier function and reducing inflammation 2. CB1R also functions as an upstream regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes, contributing to antipsychotic cardiotoxicity 4. CNR1 polymorphisms associate with diabetic nephropathy risk in type 2 diabetes 5 and show minor associations with substance dependence vulnerability, particularly the AAT repeat in Caucasian populations 6. CNR1 participates in lipid metabolism disruption linked to hepatic steatosis through interactions with metabolic pathways 7.