CPVL (carboxypeptidase, vitellogenic-like) is a serine carboxypeptidase predominantly expressed in macrophages that functions in multiple biological processes 1. The 476-amino-acid protein possesses a signal sequence but lacks a transmembrane domain, and is abundantly expressed in immune tissues (spleen, leukocytes, placenta) and peripheral organs (heart, kidney) 1. Primary functions include digestion of phagocytosed particles in lysosomes, participation in inflammatory protease cascades, and peptide trimming for antigen presentation 1. In tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), CPVL expression correlates with favorable prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer through promotion of M1-like polarization and enhancement of CXCL9-CXCR3 and C3-C3AR1 ligand-receptor interactions 2. CPVL exhibits context-dependent roles in cancer: it acts as a tumor suppressor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition 3, yet promotes glioma progression by suppressing STAT1 phosphorylation through interactions with BTK and p300 4. Genetic variants in CPVL/CHN2 are associated with diabetic retinopathy risk in type 2 diabetic patients 5, and CPVL upregulation contributes to resistance against CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer via PTEN pathway modulation 6. Recent GWAS identified deleterious CPVL coding variants as potential new drug targets in psoriasis 7.