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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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CRTC2
CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2
Chromosome 1 · 1q21.3
NCBI Gene: 200186Ensembl: ENSG00000160741.18HGNC: HGNC:27301UniProt: Q53ET0
94PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Transcription Factor
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
extracellular exosomeprotein bindingnucleoplasmgluconeogenesisAbnormality of the skeletal systemprostate carcinomaschizophreniahepatocellular carcinoma
✦AI Summary

CRTC2 (CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2) serves as a key transcriptional coactivator that regulates hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism through multiple mechanisms 1. The protein functions by interacting with CREB to control gluconeogenic gene expression, with its activity regulated by phosphorylation-dependent nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling 23. CRTC2 stabilization by Sam68 enhances gluconeogenesis, while proline hydroxylation by PHD3 at Pro129 and Pro615 residues is required for CREB association and nuclear translocation during fasting 23. Beyond glucose metabolism, CRTC2 regulates lipid homeostasis by competing with COPII complex components to control SREBP1 processing and transport, with mTOR-mediated phosphorylation modulating this inhibitory effect 4. Clinically, CRTC2 dysregulation contributes to metabolic diseases, with elevated expression in diabetes correlating with enhanced gluconeogenesis 23. In hepatocellular carcinoma, CRTC2 amplification promotes tumorigenesis by forming cytoplasmic condensates with YTHDF2, enhancing translation of m6A-modified mRNAs including LRP5 and c-Jun, and contributing to lenvatinib resistance 5. Additionally, CRTC2 regulates inflammatory responses in kidney injury through transcriptional activation of miR-93-3p, promoting macrophage polarization 6. These diverse functions position CRTC2 as a critical metabolic regulator and potential therapeutic target.

Sources cited
1
CRTC2 controls liver energy metabolism as a transcription factor/coactivator
PMID: 24692138
2
Sam68 stabilizes CRTC2 protein levels and promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis
PMID: 34099657
3
CRTC2 regulates SREBP1 processing by competing with COPII complex components
PMID: 26147081
4
PHD3-mediated proline hydroxylation of CRTC2 controls hepatic glucose metabolism
PMID: 37252972
5
CRTC2 forms condensates with YTHDF2 to enhance m6A-mRNA translation in hepatocellular carcinoma
PMID: 40036155
6
CREB1/CRTC2 regulates miR-93-3p transcription in kidney injury and macrophage polarization
PMID: 40069788
Disease Associationsⓘ20
Abnormality of the skeletal systemOpen Targets
0.25Weak
prostate carcinomaOpen Targets
0.14Weak
schizophreniaOpen Targets
0.10Weak
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
intelligenceOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
ovarian cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
head and neck squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseaseOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
prostate cancerOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
MODYOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
lung cancerOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
vascular diseaseOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
hyperinsulinism due to INSR deficiencyOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
hyperinsulinism due to glucokinase deficiencyOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
type 2 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
type 1 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, mitochondrialOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
FOXO1Protein interaction100%CREBBPProtein interaction98%SIK1Protein interaction98%SIK2Protein interaction95%PPARGC1AProtein interaction95%ATF4Protein interaction94%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Lung
100%
Ovary
92%
Bone Marrow
87%
Liver
72%
Heart
35%
Brain
31%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
CRTC2FOXO1CREBBPSIK1SIK2PPARGC1AATF4
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB4HTM · 2.00 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.50Moderately Constrained
pLIⓘ
0.97Intolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.36 [0.26–0.50]
RankingsWhere CRTC2 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #5,074of 20,598
    Most Researched94 · top quartile
  • #3,019of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.50 · top quartile
Genes detectedCRTC2
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Energy metabolism in the liver.
PMID: 24692138
Compr Physiol · 2014
1.00
2
Dysfunction of autophagy in high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
PMID: 37700498
Autophagy · 2024
0.90
3
Sam68 promotes hepatic gluconeogenesis via CRTC2.
PMID: 34099657
Nat Commun · 2021
0.80
4
The CREB coactivator CRTC2 controls hepatic lipid metabolism by regulating SREBP1.
PMID: 26147081
Nature · 2015
0.70
5
Biological functions of CRTC2 and its role in metabolism-related diseases.
PMID: 36856929
J Cell Commun Signal · 2023
0.60