CSNK2A3 encodes casein kinase 2 alpha 3, an intronless gene encoding a catalytic subunit of the constitutively active casein kinase 2 (CK2) complex 1. Unlike the housekeeping CSNK2A1 promoter, CSNK2A3 possesses a regulated promoter with two TATA boxes and a CAAT box, suggesting tissue-specific or stimulus-dependent expression 1. CSNK2A3 functions as a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates substrates containing acidic residues, playing complex roles in cell proliferation regulation. In hepatocellular carcinoma, CSNK2A3 overexpression surprisingly inhibited cell proliferation while promoting hepatitis B virus infection; conversely, CSNK2A3 knockdown enhanced proliferation and suppressed HBV infection through JAK-STAT pathway modulation 2. In lung cancer (A549 cells), CSNK2A3 upregulation by GPR68 mediated anti-migratory effects, with CK2α activity required for migration inhibition via Rac1/cdc42 and MAPK pathway activation 1. CSNK2A3 expression is modulated in colon and breast cancer models treated with Adansonia digitata extracts 3. These findings indicate CSNK2A3 exhibits context-dependent roles in cancer biology, potentially serving as a therapeutic target in specific malignancies.