CSRP1 (cysteine and glycine rich protein 1) is a zinc finger-containing protein with diverse roles in development, cell differentiation, and disease pathogenesis. Structurally, CSRP1 contains a unique double-zinc finger motif and functions as a tissue-dependent RNA-binding protein through its LIM domain 1. Developmentally, CSRP1 regulates dynamic cell movements during mesoderm development via interactions with Dishevelled and Diversin in noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways, with csrp1 knockdown causing convergent extension defects and cardiac bifida in zebrafish 2. In cancer biology, CSRP1 exhibits context-dependent roles. In colon adenocarcinoma, elevated CSRP1 promotes tumor growth and migration while predicting worse overall survival 3, associating with mesenchymal features and stromal-rich tumor profiles 4. Conversely, in renal cell carcinoma and neuroblastoma, CSRP1 overexpression inhibits proliferation, enhances chemosensitivity, promotes differentiation, and increases apoptosis 56. In neuroblastoma specifically, CSRP1 upregulation engages both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways and may enhance innate immunity 6. CSRP1 also regulates smooth muscle cell survival and differentiation in vascular biology 7, and FOXO3 confers cytoprotection by transcriptionally downregulating CSRP1 in vascular cells 8. These findings indicate CSRP1 functions as a disease-context-dependent regulator of differentiation, proliferation, and immune responses.