CXCL1 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1) is a pro-inflammatory chemokine that primarily functions to recruit neutrophils to sites of inflammation and injury 12. The protein exhibits potent chemotactic activity for neutrophils, with processed forms showing 30-fold higher activity than the full-length protein. CXCL1 signals through the CXCR2 receptor and plays critical roles in multiple pathological processes. In cancer, CXCL1 promotes tumor progression through several mechanisms: it recruits immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) that exhaust CD8+ T cells via the S100A8/A9-TLR4 pathway 3, establishes radioresistance feedback loops with cancer-associated fibroblasts through CXCR2-STAT3 signaling 4, and facilitates metastasis by recruiting tumor-associated neutrophils that form neutrophil extracellular traps 2. CXCL1 expression is regulated by various mechanisms including acetyl-CoA-mediated histone acetylation 2 and lactylation-dependent transcriptional activation 5. Beyond cancer, CXCL1 contributes to psoriasis pathogenesis by creating IL-17A-driven inflammatory loops 1, heart failure through MYC-dependent cardiac fibroblast activation 6, and recurrent miscarriage via neutrophil-mediated immune dysregulation 7. CXCL1 serves as a diagnostic biomarker in colorectal cancer and shows promise as a therapeutic target across multiple diseases 8.