DCPS (decapping enzyme, scavenger) is a cap-hydrolyzing enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of residual mRNA cap structures following 3'→5' exosome-mediated mRNA decay 1. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzes 7-methylguanosine-capped short oligoribonucleotides (up to ~10 nucleotides), releasing 5'-phosphorylated RNA fragments and m7GMP, but shows no activity on intact capped mRNAs longer than 25 nucleotides 1. This scavenging function prevents accumulation of inhibitory cap structures that would otherwise sequester cap-binding proteins, thereby regulating the availability of these proteins for downstream functions 2. Beyond canonical mRNA decay, DCPS plays regulatory roles in pre-mRNA splicing and may participate in 5'→3' decay pathways 2. Recently, DCPS has emerged as a dependency in cancer and neurodegeneration; DCPS is overexpressed in glioblastoma and associated with poor prognosis, with the DCPS inhibitor RG3039 demonstrating anti-tumor activity through STAT5B downregulation 3. In neurodegenerative disease, DCPS modulates TDP-43-mediated neurodegeneration through processing body (P-body) regulation, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target 4. Mutations in DCPS cause Al-Raqad syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by growth retardation, craniofacial anomalies, and neuromuscular defects 5.