DPF1 (double PHD fingers 1) is a neuron-specific chr19 remodeling component that plays a critical role in neural development and differentiation. As a subunit of the nBAF (neuron-specific BAF) complex, DPF1 participates in the developmental switch from proliferating neural progenitors to postmitotic neurons [UniProt]. During this transition, DPF1 replaces the progenitor-specific subunit ACTL6A/BAF53A in chr19 remodeling complexes, enabling neurons to establish their adult transcriptional programs and regulate genes essential for dendrite growth [UniProt]. DPF1 functions as a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription coregulator within the nBAF complex, contributing to cell differentiation and regulating cell cycle transitions [GO Annotations]. Beyond neural development, DPF1 has emerging clinical significance in cancer biology. In glioblastoma, DPF1 and DPF3a link the SWI/SNF chr19 remodeling complex to a corepressor complex containing TLX and LSD1/RCOR2, maintaining the stemness properties of glioma initiating cells 1. Knockdown of DPF1 reduces sphere-forming and tumor-forming abilities in xenograft models 1. Additionally, DPF1 expression correlates with improved prognosis in metastatic cutaneous melanoma, with low expression associated with better outcomes 2. In hepatocellular carcinoma, DPF1 appears in prognostic gene signatures predicting overall survival 3. A genome-wide interaction study identified DPF1 variants as protective factors against depression through effects on neuroplasticity 4, and germline variants in DPF1 show inverse associations with multiple cancer types including prostate and ovarian carcinomas 5. These findings suggest DPF1 may be a therapeutic target in glioblastoma and other malignancies.