DUSP15 (dual specificity phosphatase 15) is a myristoylated phosphatase that plays a critical regulatory role in oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. The gene is activated during oligodendrocyte differentiation through cooperative binding of transcription factors Sox10 and Myrf to its promoter 1. DUSP15 regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation by dephosphorylating specific substrates including PDGFR-beta and SNX6 2, and modulates ERK1/2 phosphorylation 3, which is essential for proper myelination in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Clinically, DUSP15 variants are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) susceptibility. The rs3746599 SNP G/G genotype is significantly associated with decreased ASD risk 4, and the same SNP shows strong association with autism across multiple genetic models 5. A de novo missense variant (p.Ala56Thr) with probable disease-causing effects has been detected in autistic children 5. Additionally, DUSP15 participates in a previously unidentified signaling axis with ERK1/2 and Notch proteins that may influence neuronal differentiation and neurological disease outcomes 3. These findings suggest DUSP15 dysfunction may contribute to developmental neurological disorders through impaired myelination and altered neuronal signaling.