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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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FCN1
ficolin 1
Chromosome 9 · 9q34.3
NCBI Gene: 2219Ensembl: ENSG00000085265.13HGNC: HGNC:3623UniProt: O00602
85PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
G protein-coupled receptor bindingproteolysisG protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwaypositive regulation of interleukin-8 productionneurodegenerative diseaseovarian neoplasmgestational diabetesmajor depressive disorder
✦AI Summary

FCN1 encodes ficolin-1 (M-ficolin), an extracellular lectin that functions as a pattern recognition receptor initiating the lectin pathway of complement 12. FCN1 specifically recognizes and binds carbohydrates on pathogen surfaces, particularly 9-O-acetylated sialic acids and 2-3-linked sialic acid glycans, activating the MASP1 serine protease to trigger the proteolytic complement cascade 23. This mechanism promotes pathogen phagocytosis and adaptive immune signaling. Additionally, FCN1 may activate monocytes via FFAR2, inducing interleukin-8 secretion 4. Genetic variation in FCN1 significantly impacts M-ficolin serum levels and function; the -144C>A promoter polymorphism increases M-ficolin concentration by 26%, while non-synonymous mutations (Ser268Pro, Ala218Thr, Asn289Ser) reduce protein production or ligand-binding capability 5. Clinically, FCN1+ myeloid populations are emerging as important biomarkers in multiple diseases. FCN1+ tumor-associated macrophages may induce inflammation in solid tumors 6, while CD14+FCN1hi macrophages serve as triggers and amplifiers of excessive S100A8/A9 inflammation in severe COVID-19 7. In tuberculosis infection, MM-FCN1 macrophages associate with disease status 8, and FCN1+ macrophages contribute to systemic sclerosis-related lung fibrosis pathogenesis 9. FCN1 also represents a glycolysis-related diagnostic signature for diabetic nephropathy 10.

Sources cited
1
FCN1 encodes a pattern recognition receptor that initiates the lectin pathway of complement
PMID: 16116205
2
FCN1 recognizes and binds carbohydrates on pathogen surfaces, activating MASP1 and the lectin complement pathway
PMID: 20032467
3
FCN1 binds preferentially to 9-O-acetylated sialic acids and 2-3-linked sialic acid glycans
PMID: 20400674
4
FCN1 may activate monocytes through FFAR2, inducing interleukin-8 secretion
PMID: 21037097
5
FCN1 polymorphisms determine serum M-ficolin levels and protein function; non-synonymous mutations impair ligand-binding or protein production
PMID: 23209787
6
FCN1+ tumor-associated macrophages may induce inflammation in solid tumors
PMID: 38347955
7
CD14+FCN1hi macrophages serve as triggers and amplifiers of S100A8/A9 inflammation in severe COVID-19
PMID: 39402337
8
MM-FCN1 macrophages are associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection disease status
PMID: 37470432
9
FCN1+ macrophages are involved in systemic sclerosis-related lung fibrosis pathogenesis
PMID: 38937794
10
FCN1 is a glycolysis-related diagnostic signature for diabetic nephropathy
PMID: 39916957
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.35Weak
ovarian neoplasmOpen Targets
0.33Weak
gestational diabetesOpen Targets
0.33Weak
major depressive disorderOpen Targets
0.33Weak
insomniaOpen Targets
0.31Weak
musculoskeletal system diseaseOpen Targets
0.30Weak
contact dermatitisOpen Targets
0.26Weak
monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosisOpen Targets
0.11Weak
Immunodeficiency due to a late component of complements deficiencyOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
acute myeloid leukemiaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
Chronic mucocutaneous candidosisOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
recurrent Neisseria infections due to factor D deficiencyOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
asthmaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
immunodeficiency 28Open Targets
0.07Suggestive
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases due to complete IFNgammaR2 deficiencyOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
pulmonary tuberculosisOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
varicella, severe recurrentOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
candidiasis, familial, 4Open Targets
0.06Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
CFPProtein interaction100%CFHProtein interaction100%ELNProtein interaction95%KIR2DL5BProtein interaction90%C1RProtein interaction84%C1SProtein interaction84%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Bone Marrow
100%
Lung
18%
Liver
2%
Heart
1%
Brain
0%
Ovary
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
FCN1CFPCFHELNKIR2DL5BC1RC1S
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB2WNP · 1.21 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.49LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF1.15 [0.89–1.49]
RankingsWhere FCN1 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #5,608of 20,598
    Most Researched85
  • #15,086of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.49
Genes detectedFCN1
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Novel tumor-associated macrophage populations and subpopulations by single cell RNA sequencing.
PMID: 38347955
Front Immunol · 2023
1.00
2
Identification and validation of glycolysis-related diagnostic signatures in diabetic nephropathy: a study based on integrative machine learning and single-cell sequence.
PMID: 39916957
Front Immunol · 2024
0.90
3
The interaction of macrophages and CD8 T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is associated with latent tuberculosis infection.
PMID: 37470432
Emerg Microbes Infect · 2023
0.80
4
Macrophages as determinants and regulators of systemic sclerosis-related interstitial lung disease.
PMID: 38937794
J Transl Med · 2024
0.70
5
Proteogenomic characterization of molecular and cellular targets for treatment-resistant subtypes in locally advanced cervical cancers.
PMID: 40087745
Mol Cancer · 2025
0.60