FFAR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor that recognizes medium and long-chain fatty acids as natural ligands, playing a central role in metabolic and immune regulation 1. Upon ligand binding, FFAR1 undergoes conformational changes that activate Gq and Gi-mediated signaling pathways, increasing intracellular calcium and modulating cellular responses 2. The receptor's primary physiological function involves glucose homeostasis: fatty acid binding to FFAR1 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, avoiding hypoglycemia risk 3. FFAR1 also mediates anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby preventing inflammation-driven metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes 4. Additionally, FFAR1 regulates lipid and glucose metabolism in metabolically active tissues; in the retina, it suppresses glucose uptake when fatty acids are available, and dysregulation contributes to neovascular age-related macular degeneration 5. Clinically, FFAR1 represents a promising therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes management through agonists that improve glucose control 6. However, development challenges remain, particularly regarding hepatotoxicity associated with some candidate compounds 63.