FGGY is a carbohydrate kinase that catalyzes ATP-dependent phosphorylation of D-ribulose to form D-ribulose 5-phosphate 1. The enzyme likely functions as a metabolite repair enzyme, preventing toxic accumulation of free D-ribulose generated by non-specific phosphatases, and may regulate D-ribulose 5-phosphate recycling in the pentose phosphate pathway 1. FGGY can also phosphorylate ribitol with lower efficiency 1. In cancer biology, FGGY loss-of-function promotes tumorigenesis through metabolic reprogramming. LINE-1 retrotransposition disrupting FGGY occurs in 90% of lung squamous cell carcinoma samples and correlates with poor prognosis 23. FGGY knockdown activates arachidonic acid metabolism pathways, facilitating tumor growth 3. In colorectal cancer, elevated FGGY expression associates with advanced disease and reduced survival, while FGGY silencing induces cell senescence through p53/p21 pathway activation 4. Genetically, FGGY variants associate with neurodegenerative diseases. A trans-ethnic GWAS meta-analysis identified a genome-wide significant locus at 1p32 (FGGY) associated with blood neurofilament light levels, a biomarker of neuro-axonal damage 5. However, the initially reported FGGY SNPs showed no association with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in European and Chinese cohorts 67. FGGY variants also associate with non-syndromic cleft lip/palate susceptibility 8.