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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 15 days ago
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FOXR2
forkhead box R2
Chromosome X · Xp11.21
NCBI Gene: 139628Ensembl: ENSG00000189299.7HGNC: HGNC:30469UniProt: Q6PJQ5
33PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Transcription Factor
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
sequence-specific double-stranded DNA bindingnucleoplasmprotein bindingDNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificneoplasmgliomacancerneuroblastoma
✦AI Summary

FOXR2 (forkhead box R2) is a transcription factor belonging to the FOX gene family that functions as a proto-oncogene with significant roles in cancer pathogenesis 1. As a DNA-binding transcription factor with RNA polymerase II-specific activity, FOXR2 localizes to the nucleus and nucleoplasm where it regulates gene expression 2. The protein promotes cell proliferation and malignancy through activation of downstream effectors including β-catenin, Skp2, c-Myc, and Gli-1 3. FOXR2 also enhances the Sonic Hedgehog pathway by upregulating Shh, Gli1, and Ptch1 expression 4. Clinically, FOXR2 overexpression is associated with multiple cancer types including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and notably defines a distinct subgroup of aggressive pediatric brain tumors called CNS neuroblastoma with FOXR2 activation (CNS NB-FOXR2) 534. In pineoblastomas, FOXR2 overexpression characterizes the PB-MYC/FOXR2 molecular subgroup, which has a dismal prognosis 6. The oncogene promotes not only proliferation but also invasion, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells 4. Given its consistent overexpression across various malignancies and poor prognostic associations, FOXR2 represents a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment 7.

Sources cited
1
FOXR2 belongs to the FOX gene family of transcription factors
PMID: 15492844
2
FOXR2 is described as a proto-oncogene
PMID: 36052493
3
FOXR2 promotes cell proliferation and malignancy through downstream effectors including β-catenin, Skp2, c-Myc, and Gli-1
PMID: 26846213
4
FOXR2 enhances Sonic Hedgehog pathway and promotes proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition
PMID: 28548041
5
FOXR2 activation defines CNS neuroblastoma with FOXR2 activation (CNS NB-FOXR2) tumor entity
PMID: 26919435
6
FOXR2 overexpression characterizes PB-MYC/FOXR2 pineoblastoma subgroup with dismal prognosis
PMID: 33619588
7
FOXR2 has potential as a therapeutic target in pediatric brain cancers
PMID: 37879492
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.11Weak
gliomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
neuroblastomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
Myocardial IschemiaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
type 2 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Nijmegen breakage syndromeOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
Central Nervous System NeoplasmOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
urinary bladder carcinomaOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
esophageal adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
ovarian cancerOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
brain neoplasmOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumorOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
androgenetic alopeciaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
prostate cancerOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
osteosarcomaOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
KAT5Protein interaction100%MORF4L1Protein interaction100%ING3Protein interaction100%TRRAPProtein interaction100%MYCProtein interaction91%VPS72Protein interaction78%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Heart
0%
Brain
0%
Bone Marrow
0%
Ovary
0%
Liver
0%
Lung
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
FOXR2KAT5MORF4L1ING3TRRAPMYCVPS72
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
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AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt Q6PJQ5
View on AlphaFold ↗
RankingsWhere FOXR2 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #11,341of 20,598
    Most Researched33
Genes detectedFOXR2
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Human FOX gene family (Review).
PMID: 15492844
Int J Oncol · 2004
1.00
2
New Brain Tumor Entities Emerge from Molecular Classification of CNS-PNETs.
PMID: 26919435
Cell · 2016
0.90
3
Pursuing FOXR2-Driven Oncogenesis.
PMID: 36052493
Cancer Res · 2022
0.80
4
Clinical and molecular heterogeneity of pineal parenchymal tumors: a consensus study.
PMID: 33619588
Acta Neuropathol · 2021
0.70
5
FOXR2 contributes to cell proliferation and malignancy in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
PMID: 26846213
Tumour Biol · 2016
0.60