FSCN1 (fascin actin-bundling protein 1) is an actin-binding protein that organizes filamentous actin into parallel bundles through its two major actin-binding sites, promoting the formation of cellular structures including filopodia, stress fibers, and membrane ruffles 12. This organization is essential for cell migration, motility, and the formation of diverse cell protrusions 31. FSCN1 regulates actin cytoskeleton reorganization and axon growth cone responses to NGF signaling 4. Clinically, FSCN1 has emerged as a significant biomarker in multiple disease contexts. In cancer, FSCN1 is highly expressed in metastatic tumors and associated with poor prognosis, particularly in breast cancer where it promotes tumor migration, invasion, and metastasis 56. In osteoarthritis, FSCN1 accumulation in dedifferentiated chondrocytes promotes actin stress fiber formation and activates TGF-β1/ALK1/Smad1/5 signaling, accelerating cartilage degeneration; targeting FSCN1 with inhibitors effectively attenuates disease progression 7. In atherosclerosis, FSCN1 is primarily expressed in endothelial cells and associated with increased disease risk; FSCN1 knockdown reduces pyroptosis and may alleviate atherosclerotic development 8. Additionally, FSCN1 is expressed in mature dendritic cells within atherosclerotic plaques, where it participates in immune checkpoint signaling networks 910. In myocardial ischemia, ginsenoside-mediated upregulation of FSCN1 through alternative splicing enhances mitochondrial function and cardioprotection 11.