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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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GAST
gastrin
Chromosome 17 · 17q21.2
NCBI Gene: 2520Ensembl: ENSG00000184502.4HGNC: HGNC:4164UniProt: A0A0E3VY36
132PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindinghormone activityG protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayresponse to foodneurodegenerative diseaseduodenal ulcerpeptic ulcer diseasegastric cancer
✦AI Summary

GAST encodes gastrin, a hormone produced by G-cells in the stomach and duodenum that plays dual roles in gastrointestinal regulation and systemic sodium homeostasis. Gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion and pancreatic enzyme release while promoting smooth muscle contraction and increasing blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine. Beyond its classical digestive functions, gastrin acts as an enterokine through the cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR) to regulate renal sodium excretion following oral sodium intake 1. This gastrorenal axis function is critical for blood pressure regulation; germline deletion of GAST or CCKBR in mice causes salt-sensitive hypertension, and selective gastrin silencing impairs sodium excretion and increases blood pressure 1. In disease contexts, GAST variants are associated with peptic ulcer disease susceptibility, likely through effects on gastric acid secretion and infection-related damage response 2. The chr17 loci of GAST are linked to human essential hypertension 1, suggesting genetic variation in this gene may contribute to blood pressure dysregulation in humans. These findings indicate GAST functions not only in acute digestive responses but also in chr17 regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis through sodium handling.

Sources cited
1
Gastrin regulates renal sodium excretion via CCKBR; GAST deletion causes salt-sensitive hypertension; GAST loci linked to essential hypertension in humans
PMID: 26854262
2
GAST associated with peptic ulcer disease susceptibility in GWAS; involved in gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility
PMID: 33608531
⚠Limited data available — This gene has 2 indexed publications. Summary and analysis may be incomplete.
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.24Weak
duodenal ulcerOpen Targets
0.21Weak
peptic ulcer diseaseOpen Targets
0.20Weak
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.13Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.11Weak
type 2 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.10Weak
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
MODYOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
gastric ulcerOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
myocardial infarctionOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
type 1 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
melanomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
metabolic syndromeOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
gastric neuroendocrine tumor, well differentiated, low or intermediate gradeOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
irritable bowel syndromeOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Helicobacter pylori infectious diseaseOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
posterior cortical atrophyOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
SSTR2Protein interaction100%VIPProtein interaction99%TAC1Protein interaction98%GCGProtein interaction98%CCKARProtein interaction97%CCKBRProtein interaction97%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Brain
100%
Liver
0%
Heart
0%
Lung
0%
Bone Marrow
0%
Ovary
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
GASTSSTR2VIPTAC1GCGCCKARCCKBR
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB5WRJ · 2.31 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.29LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.74 [0.44–1.29]
RankingsWhere GAST stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #3,525of 20,598
    Most Researched132 · top quartile
  • #13,566of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.29
Genes detectedGAST
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
GWAS of peptic ulcer disease implicates Helicobacter pylori infection, other gastrointestinal disorders and depression.
PMID: 33608531
Nat Commun · 2021
1.00
2
hUC-MSCs and derived exosomes attenuate DEX-induced muscle atrophy through modulation of estrogen signaling pathway.
PMID: 40753405
Stem Cell Res Ther · 2025
0.90
3
Imaging the Retinal Vasculature.
PMID: 34171198
Annu Rev Vis Sci · 2021
0.80
4
Recent technical developments and clinical research applications of sodium (
PMID: 38065665
Prog Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc · 2023
0.70
5
Menorrhagia.
PMID: 2234748
Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am · 1990
0.60