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GeneE
26 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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VIP
vasoactive intestinal peptide
Chromosome 6 · 6q25.2
NCBI Gene: 7432Ensembl: ENSG00000146469.14HGNC: HGNC:12693UniProt: P01282
168PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Hub Gene
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
hormone activityneuropeptide hormone activityprotein bindingtype 1 vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor bindinguterine fibroidfamilial hemolytic anemiaVertigocircadian rhythm
✦AI Summary

VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide that functions as a multifunctional signaling molecule with diverse physiological roles 1. The primary function of VIP is vasodilation, causing relaxation of blood vessels through endothelium-dependent mechanisms 2. VIP exerts its effects by binding to specific receptors and activating multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including cAMP/PKA, RhoA-GTPase, PLC, and MAPK cascades 3. The peptide activates adenylyl cyclase-mediated cAMP signaling and modulates cellular calcium levels 3. VIP gene expression is regulated at multiple levels, including transcriptional control through cis-regulatory elements and post-transcriptional mRNA stabilization 45. The gene contains seven exons with complex regulatory mechanisms involving both ubiquitous and neuron-specific transcription factors 64. VIP has significant clinical relevance, functioning as an autocrine growth factor in non-small cell lung cancer and being involved in cerebrovascular pathophysiology following subarachnoid hemorrhage, where CGRP levels are reduced 57. The peptide also plays important roles in sexual arousal, neuroendocrine functions, and immune cell modulation, making it a critical mediator of multiple physiological processes 83.

Sources cited
1
VIP is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide with neurotransmitter and hormonal roles
PMID: 2698176
2
VIP causes endothelium-dependent vasodilation in human arteries
PMID: 17525359
3
VIP activates multiple signaling pathways including cAMP/PKA, RhoA-GTPase, PLC, and MAPK cascades
PMID: 33502586
4
VIP gene expression is controlled by cis-regulatory elements and involves neuron-specific transcription factors
PMID: 9927992
5
VIP functions as autocrine growth factor in lung cancer and its expression involves mRNA stabilization
PMID: 8873894
6
VIP gene contains seven exons with complex regulatory mechanisms
PMID: 3748844
7
VIP is involved in cerebrovascular pathophysiology following subarachnoid hemorrhage
PMID: 7534026
8
VIP mediates sexual arousal through vaginal blood flow regulation
PMID: 1778234
Disease Associationsⓘ20
uterine fibroidOpen Targets
0.33Weak
familial hemolytic anemiaOpen Targets
0.27Weak
VertigoOpen Targets
0.16Weak
circadian rhythmOpen Targets
0.16Weak
Abruptio PlacentaeOpen Targets
0.13Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.10Weak
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
Parkinson diseaseOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
Alzheimer diseaseOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
infectionOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
ulcerative colitisOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
inflammatory bowel diseaseOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosisOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
migraine disorderOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
eosinophilic esophagitisOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
polycystic ovary syndromeOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
strokeOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
Kallmann syndromeOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
microphthalmia with limb anomaliesOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
AVPR1AProtein interaction100%ADCYAP1R1Protein interaction99%CCKProtein interaction99%CRHProtein interaction99%GASTProtein interaction99%GCGRProtein interaction99%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Brain
100%
Lung
53%
Heart
44%
Liver
40%
Ovary
20%
Bone Marrow
3%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
VIPAVPR1AADCYAP1R1CCKCRHGASTGCGR
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
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PDB8E3Z · 2.70 Å · EM
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.47LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.96 [0.64–1.47]
RankingsWhere VIP stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #2,663of 20,598
    Most Researched168 · top quartile
  • #14,973of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.47
Genes detectedVIP
Sources retrieved26 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
26▼
1
VIP modulates human macrophages phenotype via FPRL1 via activation of RhoA-GTPase and PLC pathways.
PMID: 33502586
Inflamm Res · 2021
1.00
2
Regulation of VIP gene expression in general. Human lung cancer cells in particular.
PMID: 8873894
J Mol Neurosci · 1996
0.90
3
Elevated VIP and endotoxin plasma levels in human gram-negative septic shock.
PMID: 2500680
Regul Pept · 1989
0.84
4
Cis-regulatory elements controlling basal and inducible VIP gene transcription.
PMID: 9927992
Ann N Y Acad Sci · 1998
0.80
5
VIP and PHM and their role in nonadrenergic inhibitory responses in isolated human airways.
PMID: 3781947
J Appl Physiol (1985) · 1986
0.80