GBP7 is an interferon-inducible GTPase that exhibits context-dependent functions in host immunity. As a member of the guanylate binding protein family, GBP7 hydrolyzes GTP to GDP and GMP with high affinity (KD = 0.22 µM) and demonstrates concentration-dependent GTPase activity 1. The protein forms transient dimers and possesses an elongated C-terminal tail that is required for recruitment to pathogen-containing vacuoles 1. Evolutionarily, GBP7 emerged from GBP4 duplication and appears exclusive to primates 2. Functionally, GBP7 plays opposing roles depending on the pathogen. Against bacterial infections like Brucella abortus, GBP7 contributes to inflammasome activation and pathogen control through cooperation with other GBPs 3. However, during influenza A virus infection, GBP7 facilitates viral replication by suppressing innate immune responses through inhibition of NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, leading to reduced type I and III interferon production 4. GBP7 expression is upregulated during various infections including chikungunya virus in the central nervous system 5. In cancer contexts, GBP7 shows variable prognostic significance, with low expression associated with shorter overall survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 6. This dual functionality highlights GBP7's complex role in immunity and disease.