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6 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 15 days ago
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GDPD2
glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 2
Chromosome X · Xq13.1
NCBI Gene: 54857Ensembl: ENSG00000130055.15HGNC: HGNC:25974UniProt: Q9HCC8
17PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein maturationnegative regulation of extracellular matrix disassemblyplasma membraneC-type glycerophospholipase activityMODYmaturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3breast cancerhyperproinsulinemia
✦AI Summary

GDPD2 (glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 2), also known as GDE3, is a six-transmembrane ecto-phospholipase that functions as a GPI-anchor-cleaving enzyme with critical roles in lipid signaling and cell differentiation 1. The protein exhibits glycerophosphoinositol-specific phosphodiesterase activity, catalyzing the hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) to generate monoacylglycerols and inositol phosphates 23. A key physiological function involves acting as a signaling switch: GDE3 converts the GPR55 agonist LPI into 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), a cannabinoid receptor ligand, thereby redirecting signaling between these pathways 23. In bone metabolism, GDE3 promotes osteoblast differentiation while suppressing proliferation through this lipid-signaling mechanism 3. In gliogenesis, GDE3 negatively regulates oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) proliferation by releasing soluble CNTFRα via GPI-anchor cleavage, enhancing ciliary neurotrophic factor signaling 4. Disease relevance includes X-linked neurodevelopmental disorders, where Xq13.1 microduplications encompassing GDPD2 present with delayed speech development, intellectual disability, and neuropsychiatric symptoms 5. Additionally, GDPD2 expression increases in response to soluble tau species (A152T variant) in neurodegeneration models, potentially contributing to astrocytic dysfunction 6.

Sources cited
1
GDPD2 is a six-transmembrane ecto-phospholipase involved in GPI-anchor cleavage with structural insights into GPI-anchor binding and hydrolysis
PMID: 39848861
2
GDE3 (GDPD2) catalyzes LPI hydrolysis to generate 2-AG and functions as a signaling switch between GPR55 and cannabinoid receptor pathways
PMID: 32917725
3
GDE3 acts as an ecto-lysophospholipase C converting arachidonoyl-LPI to arachidonoylglycerol, regulating bone remodeling by promoting osteoblast differentiation
PMID: 32629025
4
GDE3 negatively regulates oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation by releasing soluble CNTFRα via GPI-anchor cleavage to enhance CNTF signaling
PMID: 31932351
5
GDPD2 microduplications at Xq13.1 are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders including delayed speech, intellectual disability, and neuropsychiatric symptoms
PMID: 33982443
6
GDPD2 expression is upregulated in astrocytes in response to soluble tau species (A152T) associated with neurodegeneration
PMID: 40746858
Disease Associationsⓘ20
MODYOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3Open Targets
0.06Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
hyperproinsulinemiaOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
Barrett's esophagusOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
Glycogen storage disease due to hepatic glycogen synthase deficiencyOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
glycogen storage disorder due to hepatic glycogen synthase deficiencyOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
breast carcinomaOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal 4Open Targets
0.03Suggestive
transient neonatal diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
lymphatic system diseaseOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
vein disorderOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
colorectal adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
Crohn's diseaseOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
colorectal cancerOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
ulcerative colitisOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
COVID-19Open Targets
0.01Suggestive
rosaceaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
ATRAIDShared pathway20%ACOT2Shared pathway18%ZNG1FShared pathway17%ZNG1CShared pathway17%PLCXD3Shared pathway17%CISD3Shared pathway17%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Brain
100%
Heart
80%
Ovary
11%
Liver
4%
Lung
3%
Bone Marrow
2%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
GDPD2ATRAIDACOT2ZNG1FZNG1CPLCXD3CISD3
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt Q9HCC8
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.66LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.01Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.47 [0.34–0.66]
RankingsWhere GDPD2 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #15,007of 20,598
    Most Researched17
  • #4,858of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.66
Genes detectedGDPD2
Sources retrieved6 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
6▼
1
Unlocking the signaling potential of GPI-anchored proteins through lipolytic cleavage.
PMID: 39848861
Trends Cell Biol · 2025
1.00
2
Identification of microduplications at Xp21.2 and Xq13.1 in neurodevelopmental disorders.
PMID: 33982443
Mol Genet Genomic Med · 2021
0.83
3
Profiling the impact of different tau species on glial cell biology.
PMID: 40746858
Front Cell Dev Biol · 2025
0.67
4
Glycerophosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3) is a lysophosphatidylinositol-specific ectophospholipase C acting as an endocannabinoid signaling switch.
PMID: 32917725
J Biol Chem · 2020
0.50
5
Identification of human glycerophosphodiesterase 3 as an ecto phospholipase C that converts the G protein-coupled receptor 55 agonist lysophosphatidylinositol to bioactive monoacylglycerols in cultured mammalian cells.
PMID: 32629025
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids · 2020
0.33