GH1 (growth hormone 1) encodes human growth hormone, which serves as a critical regulator of somatic growth and metabolism. The gene is located on chromosome 17-24 and is expressed in somatotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland 1. GH1 produces multiple isoforms through alternative mRNA splicing, generating 22K-GH (the principal form) and 20K-GH, along with post-translationally modified variants including oligomeric forms 2. Growth hormone functions primarily by stimulating liver and other tissues to secrete IGF-1, promoting both differentiation and proliferation of myoblasts, and enhancing amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in muscle and other tissues. Mutations in GH1 cause isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), with complete loss-of-function mutations leading to IGHD type IA, characterized by severe dwarfism beginning in early infancy 1. Patients with IGHD type IA often develop anti-GH antibodies that can prevent therapeutic response to exogenous growth hormone 1. Environmental factors including sleep deprivation and high-fat diet can affect GH1 gene expression 3. Additionally, polymorphisms in the GH1 promoter region (T1663A) have been associated with increased cancer risk, particularly colorectal cancer in Asian populations 4.