GINS1 (GINS complex subunit 1) is an essential component of the GINS complex, which functions as a core element of the CMG (CDC45-MCM-GINS) helicase required for DNA replication initiation and replication fork progression 12. The CMG complex serves as the molecular machine that unwinds template DNA during replication and acts as the structural foundation around which the replisome is built 34. Beyond its canonical role in DNA replication, GINS1 has emerged as a critical oncogenic driver in multiple cancer types. GINS1 is significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), where elevated expression correlates with poor prognosis 567. In HCC, GINS1 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis through β-catenin signaling, particularly in vascularly invasive tumors 8. In LUAD, GINS1 facilitates tumor progression via Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation and regulates cell cycle progression 6. In DLBCL, both PAX5 and FOXP1 transcription factors regulate GINS1 expression, and elevated GINS1 confers doxorubicin resistance 79. Clinically, GINS1 has prognostic value as a shared biomarker across LIHC, LUAD, and KIRC, with high expression predicting poor overall survival 10. These findings suggest GINS1 as a potential therapeutic target in cancer.