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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 15 days ago
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GKN2
gastrokine 2
Chromosome 2 · 2p13.3
NCBI Gene: 200504Ensembl: ENSG00000183607.11HGNC: HGNC:24588UniProt: Q86XP6
26PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingregulation of cell population proliferationGO:0005615extracellular regionAbnormality of the skeletal systemneurodegenerative diseasegastric cancerneoplasm
✦AI Summary

GKN2 (gastrokine 2) is a tumor suppressor gene with primary expression in the gastric epithelium and trophoblastic tissues, functioning as a regulator of cell proliferation and differentiation. 1 GKN2 exhibits gestational age-dependent and compartment-specific expression patterns in placental tissues, with particular localization in extravillous trophoblasts and myofibroblasts, suggesting roles in placental development and physiology. 1 Mechanistically, GKN2 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through inactivation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. 2 The protein forms a functional heterodimer with TFF1, producing synergistic antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in gastric cancer cells via G1/S cell cycle arrest and caspase-3/7 activation. 3 GKN2 expression is significantly downregulated in gastric and non-small cell lung cancers compared to normal tissues, with reduced expression correlating with larger tumor size and P53 mutations. 4 Promoter methylation by DNMT3B contributes to GKN2 silencing in lung cancer. 4 Clinically, GKN2 serves as a potential non-invasive serum biomarker for early gastric cancer diagnosis, with particularly high discriminatory value (AUC 0.822) between benign gastric disease and early gastric cancer. 5 GKN2 expression shows sexual dimorphism, with 7.2-fold higher expression in men than women, potentially explaining differential gastric cancer susceptibility between sexes. 6

Sources cited
1
GKN2 expression patterns in placental tissues and role in trophoblast development
PMID: 26070363
2
GKN2 inhibits gastric cancer cell viability, migration, and invasion via JAK2/STAT3 pathway inactivation
PMID: 34381519
3
GKN2-TFF1 heterodimer produces synergistic antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects through G1/S arrest and caspase activation
PMID: 28150071
4
GKN2 downregulation in NSCLC, correlation with tumor size and P53 mutations, DNMT3B-mediated methylation mechanism
PMID: 34970791
5
GKN2 as serum biomarker for early gastric cancer diagnosis with AUC 0.822 in BGD vs. EGC comparison
PMID: 40305430
6
Sexual dimorphism in GKN2 expression with 7.2-fold higher levels in men
PMID: 30778924
7
GKN2 marks differentiated pit cells in gastric epithelium as targets for Helicobacter pylori attachment
PMID: 36198679
8
GKN2 upregulation in specific pit cells with MUC6 mutations during intestinal metaplasia evolution
PMID: 40378287
Disease Associationsⓘ20
Abnormality of the skeletal systemOpen Targets
0.32Weak
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.26Weak
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.11Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
lung adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
gastric carcinomaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
isolated agammaglobulinemiaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
gastric adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
Barrett's esophagusOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
brachydactyly type COpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
Immunodeficiency by defective expression of HLA class 2Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
brachydactyly type A1Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome due to CTLA4 haploinsufficiencyOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
T-B+ severe combined immunodeficiency due to JAK3 deficiencyOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
severe combined immunodeficiency, autosomal recessive, T cell-negative, B cell-negative, NK cell-positiveOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
Autosomal recessive hyper-IgE syndromeOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
MHC class II deficiencyOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
familial digital arthropathy-brachydactylyOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
TFAP2DShared pathway100%CDCA7Shared pathway100%TFAP2EShared pathway100%BRICD5Shared pathway100%TFF1Protein interaction88%TFF2Protein interaction79%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Lung
100%
Ovary
0%
Liver
0%
Heart
0%
Brain
0%
Bone Marrow
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
GKN2TFAP2DCDCA7TFAP2EBRICD5TFF1TFF2
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
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AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt Q86XP6
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.12LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.66 [0.41–1.12]
RankingsWhere GKN2 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #12,802of 20,598
    Most Researched26
  • #11,529of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.12
Genes detectedGKN2
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Trophoblast expression dynamics of the tumor suppressor gene gastrokine 2.
PMID: 26070363
Histochem Cell Biol · 2015
1.00
2
Helicobacter pylori shows tropism to gastric differentiated pit cells dependent on urea chemotaxis.
PMID: 36198679
Nat Commun · 2022
0.90
3
Genomic Analyses Reveal the Evolving Characteristics of Intestinal Metaplasia and Gastric Cancer.
PMID: 40378287
Cancer Res · 2025
0.80
4
Gastrokine 2 Regulates the Antitumor Effect of JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Gastric Cancer.
PMID: 34381519
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med · 2021
0.70
5
Sexual dimorphism in the expression of GKN2 and FOXA2 genes in the human stomach.
PMID: 30778924
Mol Biol Rep · 2019
0.60