GNRHR encodes the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor essential for human reproductive function. The receptor mediates GnRH signaling in pituitary gonadotrope cells, triggering phospholipase C activation, inositol phosphate production, and protein kinase C signaling that stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion 1. Beyond the pituitary, GnRHR is expressed in reproductive tissues including ovaries, uterus, and prostate, where it regulates follicular development, corpus luteum function, and trophoblast invasion 2. In the female reproductive axis, leptin signaling upregulates GnRHR expression in the pituitary to coordinate FSH production and optimize ovarian function 3. Mutations in GNRHR cause congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, presenting with delayed puberty, infertility, and impaired sexual development 14. Pharmacologically, GnRHR is targeted by agonists and antagonists; relugolix, an oral GnRHR antagonist, effectively reduces endometriosis-associated pelvic pain comparable to leuprorelin with faster menses recovery 5. Aberrant GnRHR expression also drives certain endocrine tumors including pituitary somatotroph and corticotroph tumors 6. Recent cryo-EM structures reveal conserved receptor-activation mechanisms and ligand-binding specificity, enabling rational design of next-generation therapeutics for reproductive and endocrine disorders 7.