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GeneE
10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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GPR6
G protein-coupled receptor 6
Chromosome 6 · 6q21
NCBI Gene: 2830Ensembl: ENSG00000146360.9HGNC: HGNC:4515UniProt: F1DAM6
15PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Receptor
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingadenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwaycytoplasmsphingosine-1-phosphate receptor activityprotozoa infectious diseaseoral mucosa leukoplakiafever of unknown originHepatomegaly
✦AI Summary

GPR6 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that exhibits constitutive activity, maintaining high cAMP levels through G(s) protein activation 1. The receptor demonstrates dual G protein coupling, activating both stimulatory G(s) and inhibitory G(i/o) proteins, with pertussis toxin treatment enhancing its adenylyl cyclase stimulation 1. GPR6 can be activated by lipid-derived ligands including sphingosine 1-phosphate and dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate at nanomolar concentrations 1. Recent structural studies revealed endogenous lipid-like ligands bound to the orthosteric pocket, contributing to its high constitutive activity 2. GPR6 is predominantly expressed in the brain, particularly in D2-type dopamine receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons of the striatopallidal pathway 2. The receptor is implicated in Parkinson's disease pathophysiology, as this pathway becomes aberrantly hyperactivated in the condition 2. Cannabidiol acts as an inverse agonist at GPR6, reducing β-arrestin2 recruitment in a concentration-dependent manner 3. The inverse agonist CVN424 showed therapeutic promise, improving motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients during clinical trials 2. GPR6 represents a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders through modulation of its constitutive signaling activity.

Sources cited
1
GPR6 is constitutively active, couples to both Gs and Gi/o proteins, and is activated by sphingosine 1-phosphate
PMID: 12220620
2
GPR6 is expressed in striatal neurons, implicated in Parkinson's disease, and CVN424 inverse agonist showed clinical efficacy
PMID: 39626010
3
Cannabidiol acts as an inverse agonist at GPR6 with concentration-dependent effects
PMID: 28571738
⚠Limited data available — This gene has 3 indexed publications. Summary and analysis may be incomplete.
Disease Associationsⓘ20
oral mucosa leukoplakiaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
protozoa infectious diseaseOpen Targets
0.28Weak
fever of unknown originOpen Targets
0.26Weak
HepatomegalyOpen Targets
0.26Weak
ovarian dysfunctionOpen Targets
0.25Weak
cervicitisOpen Targets
0.25Weak
type 2 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.22Weak
Abruptio PlacentaeOpen Targets
0.19Weak
bile duct disorderOpen Targets
0.11Weak
Benign Ovarian NeoplasmOpen Targets
0.11Weak
placenta praeviaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
COVID-19Open Targets
0.06Suggestive
Parkinson diseaseOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
central nervous system cancerOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
Alzheimer diseaseOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
acute myeloid leukemiaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
DyskinesiaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
osteoarthritisOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
major depressive disorderOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
S1PR5Shared pathway100%S1PR4Shared pathway100%GRIK5Protein interaction86%NR2E1Protein interaction80%GPR12Shared pathway80%GPR88Protein interaction65%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Brain
100%
Bone Marrow
1%
Lung
0%
Ovary
0%
Heart
0%
Liver
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
GPR6S1PR5S1PR4GRIK5NR2E1GPR12GPR88
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB8TF5 · 2.10 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.14LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.73 [0.48–1.14]
RankingsWhere GPR6 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #15,581of 20,598
    Most Researched15
  • #11,785of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.14
Genes detectedGPR6
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12 as novel molecular targets: their biological functions and interaction with cannabidiol.
PMID: 29941868
Acta Pharmacol Sin · 2019
1.00
2
Structural insights into the high basal activity and inverse agonism of the orphan receptor GPR6 implicated in Parkinson's disease.
PMID: 39626010
Sci Signal · 2024
0.90
3
Towards a better understanding of the cannabinoid-related orphan receptors GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12.
PMID: 29390908
Drug Metab Rev · 2018
0.80
4
Orphan peptide and G protein-coupled receptor signalling in alcohol use disorder.
PMID: 38073127
Br J Pharmacol · 2024
0.70
5
Fluid shear stress differentially regulates gpr3, gpr6, and gpr12 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
PMID: 12649592
Cell Physiol Biochem · 2003
0.60