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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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GRM3
glutamate metabotropic receptor 3
Chromosome 7 · 7q21.11-q21.12
NCBI Gene: 2913Ensembl: ENSG00000198822.12HGNC: HGNC:4595UniProt: A4D1D0
107PubMed Papers
20Diseases
4Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Receptor
CLINICAL
Clinical Trials
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingplasma membraneG protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathwaygroup II metabotropic glutamate receptor activityschizophreniahearing lossmathematical abilitybipolar disorder
✦AI Summary

GRM3 encodes glutamate metabotropic receptor 3, a G-protein coupled receptor that functions as a negative regulator of adenylate cyclase activity upon glutamate binding. The receptor is expressed on neuronal and non-neuronal plasma membranes, including hypothalamic and gastric neurons, where it modulates synaptic transmission and cellular signaling through PI3K-AKT pathways 1. Primary functions include appetite regulation and gastric motility control. Raptin, a sleep-induced hormone, binds GRM3 to suppress food intake and prevent obesity through hypothalamic and gastric signaling, with deficient Raptin-GRM3 signaling linked to night eating syndrome and obesity 1. Genetically, GRM3 variants associate with schizophrenia susceptibility, though findings remain complex. Meta-analysis of 11,318 cases identified three SNPs (rs2237562, rs13242038, rs917071) with significant associations showing population-dependent effects 2, while Japanese replication studies failed to confirm previously reported associations 3. GRM3 polymorphisms predict antipsychotic treatment response, with rs274622 and rs1468412 significantly predicting negative symptom improvement and adverse working memory changes, respectively 4, 5. Additionally, GRM3 expression is reduced in glioma-related epilepsy, suggesting potential diagnostic biomarker utility 6. These findings indicate GRM3's role in metabolic, psychiatric, and neurological pathways, with clinical implications for personalized antipsychotic therapy.

Sources cited
1
GRM3 binds Raptin (sleep-induced hormone) in hypothalamic and gastric neurons to suppress appetite and gastric emptying via PI3K-AKT signaling; Raptin-GRM3 deficiency associates with obesity and night eating syndrome
PMID: 39875551
2
Meta-analysis of 11,318 schizophrenia cases and 13,820 controls identified three GRM3 SNPs (rs2237562, rs13242038, rs917071) with significant schizophrenia risk associations showing population-specific effects
PMID: 28786982
3
Japanese replication study of 1,916 schizophrenia patients found no associations between GRM3 SNPs (rs1468412, rs2299225) and schizophrenia; meta-analysis of 3,000+ cases did not support these associations
PMID: 17948896
4
GRM3 expression is markedly reduced in glioma-related epilepsy samples, identified as a candidate biomarker for early detection and diagnostic differentiation
PMID: 40229486
5
GRM3 rs1468412 predicts adverse working memory changes after antipsychotic treatment; rs6465084 associates with negative symptom improvement in first-episode schizophrenia
PMID: 25096017
6
GRM3 rs274622 and rs6465084 variants associate with eye pursuit maintenance deficits and their modulation by antipsychotic treatment in psychotic disorders
PMID: 24682224
7
GRM3 polymorphisms collectively predict negative symptom improvement with olanzapine treatment; rs274622 accounts for significant variance in symptom response (28% variance explained)
PMID: 15913960
8
GRM3 promoter region contains functional CCAAT and Sp1 regulatory elements essential for transcription in neuronal and glial cell types
PMID: 11500049
Disease Associationsⓘ20
schizophreniaOpen Targets
0.60Moderate
hearing lossOpen Targets
0.46Moderate
mathematical abilityOpen Targets
0.46Moderate
bipolar disorderOpen Targets
0.42Moderate
smoking initiationOpen Targets
0.41Moderate
neurotic disorderOpen Targets
0.40Moderate
Abnormality of the skeletal systemOpen Targets
0.40Moderate
autism spectrum disorderOpen Targets
0.39Weak
alcohol drinkingOpen Targets
0.36Weak
major depressive disorderOpen Targets
0.34Weak
AnxietyOpen Targets
0.33Weak
attention deficit hyperactivity disorderOpen Targets
0.33Weak
obsessive-compulsive disorderOpen Targets
0.33Weak
ovarian neoplasmOpen Targets
0.32Weak
Tourette syndromeOpen Targets
0.31Weak
intelligenceOpen Targets
0.31Weak
anorexia nervosaOpen Targets
0.31Weak
COVID-19Open Targets
0.28Weak
placenta praeviaOpen Targets
0.28Weak
melanomaOpen Targets
0.25Weak
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Drug Targets4
DECOGLURANTPhase II
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 modulator
major depressive disorder
LY2969822Phase I
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 agonist
LY404039Phase III
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 agonist
schizophrenia
POMAGLUMETAD METHIONIL ANHYDROUSPhase III
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 agonist
schizophrenia
Related Genes
GRIA2Protein interaction100%GNAI1Protein interaction99%GNAI3Protein interaction94%GNAI2Protein interaction93%PRKCAProtein interaction91%ADCY8Protein interaction85%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Brain
100%
Heart
1%
Lung
0%
Bone Marrow
0%
Ovary
0%
Liver
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
GRM3GRIA2GNAI1GNAI3GNAI2PRKCAADCY8
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB3SM9 · 2.26 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.49Moderately Constrained
pLIⓘ
0.98Intolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.35 [0.25–0.49]
RankingsWhere GRM3 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #4,438of 20,598
    Most Researched107 · top quartile
  • #2,916of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.49 · top quartile
Genes detectedGRM3
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Raptin, a sleep-induced hypothalamic hormone, suppresses appetite and obesity.
PMID: 39875551
Cell Res · 2025
1.00
2
Meta-analysis supports GWAS-implicated link between GRM3 and schizophrenia risk.
PMID: 28786982
Transl Psychiatry · 2017
0.90
3
Replication study and meta-analysis of the genetic association of GRM3 gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia in a large Japanese case-control population.
PMID: 17948896
Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet · 2008
0.80
4
Identification and validation of LY6H and GRM3 as candidate biomarkers for Glioma-related epilepsy.
PMID: 40229486
Sci Rep · 2025
0.70
5
Pharmacogenetic associations of the type-3 metabotropic glutamate receptor (GRM3) gene with working memory and clinical symptom response to antipsychotics in first-episode schizophrenia.
PMID: 25096017
Psychopharmacology (Berl) · 2015
0.60