GTF2H1 encodes a core subunit of the general transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) complex, which plays dual roles in RNA polymerase II transcription initiation and nucleotide excision repair (NER) of DNA damage 1. The protein functions by promoting promoter opening and escape during transcription initiation, while in DNA repair, TFIIH opens DNA around lesions to facilitate damaged oligonucleotide excision and replacement 1. GTF2H1 expression is regulated by SWI/SNF chr11 remodeling complexes, and its downregulation compromises TFIIH stability and function in both transcription and NER 1. Disease relevance includes significant associations with lung cancer susceptibility through genetic polymorphisms. Multiple studies demonstrate that GTF2H1 variants affect lung cancer risk in Chinese populations, with specific SNPs showing both protective and risk-associated effects 23. Functional regulatory variants in GTF2H1 promoter regions that decrease transcriptional activity are associated with increased non-small cell lung cancer risk 4. The clinical significance extends to potential therapeutic targeting, as GTF2H1 levels may serve as predictive markers for platinum drug sensitivity in SWI/SNF-deficient cancer cells, given the interconnection between TFIIH function and DNA repair capacity 1.