HNRNPA1 is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein with critical roles in RNA metabolism and disease pathogenesis. Functionally, HNRNPA1 mediates pre-mRNA splicing and regulates miRNA packaging into exosomes 12. The protein contains a prion-like domain (PrLD) that enables liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) into biomolecular condensates, which facilitates stress granule assembly 3. This phase separation mechanism is shared with other RBPs implicated in neurodegeneration 4. Pathogenic mutations in HNRNPA1's PrLD enhance fibril formation and accelerate disease-related polymerization, driving pathological inclusions in multiple tissues 5. Disease associations include amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), inclusion body myopathy, and frontotemporal dementia, diseases characterized by RBP aggregation. HNRNPA1 also interacts directly with phosphorylated tau in Alzheimer's disease brains, suggesting involvement in tauopathies 6. Clinically, HNRNPA1-mediated exosomal miRNA export contributes to cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance by regulating tumor microenvironment signaling 127. The protein's role in LLPS-driven pathological aggregation establishes it as a key therapeutic target for multiple neurodegenerative diseases.