HNRNPA3 is an RNA-binding protein with multifaceted roles in RNA metabolism and cellular function. Functionally, it participates in mRNA splicing, cytoplasmic RNA trafficking, and mRNA 3'-UTR binding within the spliceosome and ribonucleoprotein complexes. Beyond splicing, HNRNPA3 regulates chromosome 2 in neural progenitors through interaction with cohesin-core subunit SMC1A, controlling mitotic progression essential for cortical development 1. In disease contexts, HNRNPA3 dysfunction is implicated in multiple pathologies. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, N protein-induced autophagic degradation of HNRNPA3 impairs miRNA biogenesis and RNA splicing, triggering DNA damage and pneumonia severity; restoration via pharmacological inhibitors ameliorates disease 2. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), HNRNPA3 is significantly elevated and correlates with poor prognosis; mechanistically, it stabilizes GLI2 protein by inhibiting FBXW11-mediated ubiquitination, thereby activating Hedgehog signaling and promoting cell proliferation 3. In acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21) translocation, HNRNPA3 functions as an m6A reader regulating alternative splicing of AML1-ETO pre-mRNA 4. Clinical significance includes HNRNPA3's potential as a prognostic biomarker in HCC and therapeutic target across multiple cancers and neurodegenerative diseases 56. Its involvement in FTD/ALS-associated pathways warrants investigation 78.