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GeneE
28 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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HSF1
heat shock transcription factor 1
Chromosome 8 · 8q24.3
NCBI Gene: 3297Ensembl: ENSG00000185122.12HGNC: HGNC:5224UniProt: Q00613
449PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
DNA RepairTranscription FactorTransporter
RESEARCH IMPACT
Highly StudiedTrending
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
identical protein bindingtranscription cis-regulatory region bindingRNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingDNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specificDupuytren Contracturetype 2 diabetes mellitusdiabetes mellitusPalmar Fibromatosis
✦AI Summary

HSF1 (heat shock transcription factor 1) is an evolutionarily conserved stress-responsive transcription factor that coordinates cellular homeostasis primarily through transactivation of heat shock protein (HSP) genes 1. Beyond its canonical proteotoxic stress response, HSF1 regulates diverse physiological processes including metabolism, gametogenesis, and aging 1. Mechanistically, HSF1 recruits transcriptional co-activators and histone-modifying enzymes to establish active chr8 states. Phosphorylation of HSF1 at serine 419 via PLK1 facilitates recruitment of the TRRAP-TIP60 acetyltransferase complex, enabling histone modifications that stabilize transcriptional complexes 2. HSF1 activity is negatively regulated through competition between BAP1 and SIRT1 for HSF1-K80 acetylation, with BAP1 promoting HSF1 oligomerization and chr8 detachment 3. In cancer pathology, HSF1 promotes malignancy through multiple mechanisms: it suppresses antitumor immunity in breast cancer by reducing CCL5 expression and limiting CD8+ T-cell infiltration 4, while in multiple myeloma, FTO-mediated m6A demethylation activates HSF1 to promote proliferation and metastasis 5. HSF1 also impairs natural killer cell cytotoxicity and anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment 6. Conversely, intronic VNTR expansions in HSF1 cause its downregulation in essential tremor, with reduced HSF1 impairing GABAergic synapse function and causing movement deficits 7. HSF1 and p53 signaling pathways interact dynamically during cancer development and influence therapeutic efficacy 8.

Sources cited
1
HSF1 is an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor coordinating stress-induced transcription of heat shock proteins and regulating metabolism, gametogenesis, and aging
PMID: 24421309
2
HSF1 phosphorylation at S419 recruits TRRAP-TIP60 acetyltransferase complex to establish active chromatin and promote tumorigenesis
PMID: 35906200
3
BAP1 and SIRT1 compete for HSF1-K80 acetylation to regulate HSF1 activity and immune therapy response in pancreatic cancer
PMID: 39350280
4
HSF1 suppresses antitumor immunity in breast cancer by reducing CCL5 expression, limiting CD8+ T-cell infiltration
PMID: 37890164
5
FTO-mediated m6A demethylation activates HSF1 to promote multiple myeloma proliferation, migration, and invasion via HSP pathway
PMID: 34915192
6
HSF1 activation in natural killer cells impairs cytotoxicity and anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment
PMID: 39223375
7
Expanded intronic VNTRs in HSF1 downregulate HSF1 expression and cause essential tremor through impaired GABAergic signaling
PMID: 40581632
8
HSF1 and p53 signaling pathways interact dynamically during cancer development and influence anti-cancer therapy efficacy
PMID: 31183804
Disease Associationsⓘ20
Dupuytren ContractureOpen Targets
0.28Weak
type 2 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.24Weak
diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.14Weak
Palmar FibromatosisOpen Targets
0.13Weak
Abnormality of the skeletal systemOpen Targets
0.12Weak
cancerOpen Targets
0.12Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.12Weak
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.12Weak
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.11Weak
Huntington diseaseOpen Targets
0.11Weak
acute myeloid leukemiaOpen Targets
0.10Weak
osteonecrosisOpen Targets
0.10Weak
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.10Weak
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
ovarian cancerOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
chronic lymphocytic leukemiaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
endometriosisOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
prostate cancerOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
triple-negative breast cancerOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
heart failureOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
HSP90AB1Protein interaction100%HSP90AA1Protein interaction100%HSPA4Protein interaction100%MAPK3Protein interaction99%EEF1A1Protein interaction99%HDAC1Protein interaction99%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Heart
100%
Lung
99%
Ovary
87%
Liver
68%
Bone Marrow
51%
Brain
41%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
HSF1HSP90AB1HSP90AA1HSPA4MAPK3EEF1A1HDAC1
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB5HDN · 1.68 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.88LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.65 [0.48–0.88]
RankingsWhere HSF1 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #615of 20,598
    Most Researched449 · top 5%
  • #7,874of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.88
Genes detectedHSF1
Sources retrieved28 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
28▼
1
HSF1 Inhibits Antitumor Immune Activity in Breast Cancer by Suppressing CCL5 to Block CD8+ T-cell Recruitment.
PMID: 37890164
Cancer Res · 2024
1.00
2
FTO promotes multiple myeloma progression by posttranscriptional activation of HSF1 in an m
PMID: 34915192
Mol Ther · 2022
0.90
3
An HSF1-JMJD6-HSP feedback circuit promotes cell adaptation to proteotoxic stress.
PMID: 38985769
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2024
0.80
4
Interplay between HSF1 and p53 signaling pathways in cancer initiation and progression: non-oncogene and oncogene addiction.
PMID: 31183804
Cell Oncol (Dordr) · 2019
0.80
5
HSF1 facilitates the multistep process of lymphatic metastasis in bladder cancer via a novel PRMT5-WDR5-dependent transcriptional program.
PMID: 35434944
Cancer Commun (Lond) · 2022
0.76