LIMA1 (LIM domain and actin binding 1) is a multifunctional actin-binding protein with diverse roles in cellular regulation and disease. Its primary function involves actin cytoskeleton regulation, where it bundles actin filaments, inhibits depolymerization, and increases stress fiber formation 1. LIMA1 also serves as a scaffold protein facilitating cholesterol homeostasis by regulating NPC1L1 transportation to the plasma membrane through recruitment of MYO5B, thereby controlling intestinal cholesterol absorption 2. The protein's function is modulated by post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAcylation at T662, which prevents ubiquitin-dependent degradation and promotes hepatic lipid deposition through β-catenin/FASn signaling 3. LIMA1 expression is controlled by the pluripotency circuit and is essential for membrane dynamics and mitochondrial energetics in embryonic stem cells 4. In disease contexts, LIMA1 shows significant clinical relevance: it acts as a tumor promoter in hepatocellular carcinoma through WNT-β-catenin/Hippo pathway activation 5, serves as a prognostic marker in head and neck squamous carcinoma by inhibiting cellular senescence 6, and contributes to liver fibrosis by promoting hepatic stellate cell activation via inhibition of PINK1-mediated mitophagy 7. Genetic variants in LIMA1 are associated with fibromuscular dysplasia and cardiovascular diseases 8.