LOXL1 (lysyl oxidase like 1) is a copper-dependent extracellular enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cross-linking of collagen and elastin fibers, essential for extracellular matrix stability and elastic fiber homeostasis 1. The enzyme functions by oxidizing lysine and hydroxylysine residues to form covalent cross-links that stabilize structural proteins 1. LOXL1 is strongly associated with exfoliation syndrome (XFS), the most common risk factor for secondary glaucoma worldwide 2. Genetic variants in LOXL1 confer significant disease risk, with a rare protective variant (p.Phe407) showing strong association (OR = 25) 2. In XFS pathogenesis, LOXL1 protein contains intrinsically disordered regions that promote aggregation, leading to characteristic fibrous material deposition in ocular tissues 3. Expression studies reveal LOXL1 is upregulated in early XFS stages but decreased in advanced disease, with the protein becoming a major component of pathological XFS deposits alongside elastin and fibrillin-1 4. Beyond ocular disease, LOXL1 expression is elevated in various fibrotic conditions and cancers, where it promotes extracellular matrix cross-linking and disease progression 15. The enzyme represents a potential therapeutic target for fibrosis treatment, though clinical trials have shown mixed results.