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50 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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LRP1
LDL receptor related protein 1
Chromosome 12 · 12q13.3
NCBI Gene: 4035Ensembl: ENSG00000123384.14HGNC: HGNC:6692UniProt: Q07954
535PubMed Papers
22Diseases
1Drugs
6Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Highly ConstrainedReceptor
RESEARCH IMPACT
Highly StudiedTrending
CLINICAL
Clinical TrialsOMIM Disease Gene
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
regulation of extracellular matrix organizationamyloid-beta clearance by cellular catabolic processnucleolussignaling receptor complexdevelopmental dysplasia of the hipneurodegenerative diseasekeratosis pilaris atrophicansAlzheimer disease
✦AI Summary

LRP1 (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1) is a multifunctional endocytic/signaling cell-surface receptor that regulates diverse cellular processes including endocytosis, protein trafficking, and cell survival 1. Functionally, LRP1 mediates receptor-ligand interactions through its cargo receptor activity and clathrin-dependent endocytosis, enabling internalization of diverse substrates including amyloid-β, tau, and α-synuclein 23. In the nervous system, LRP1 plays critical roles in neurodegeneration: it controls tau uptake and prion-like spread in tauopathies 2, facilitates α-synuclein internalization and propagation in Parkinson's disease 3, and promotes amyloid-β clearance across the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer's disease 4. LRP1 also mediates astrocyte-to-neuron mitochondrial transfer, protecting against ischemic stroke by suppressing ARF1 lactylation 1. Beyond neurodegeneration, LRP1 serves as a host entry receptor for viral pathogens including Rift Valley fever virus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A 5. In cancer, tumor cell LRP1 promotes metastatic progression through MDK signaling in gastric cancer ovarian metastases 6 and PCSK9-mediated regulation in breast cancer metastasis 7. These findings establish LRP1 as a pivotal regulator of pathological protein spread and cellular homeostasis with significant therapeutic potential.

Sources cited
1
LRP1 is an endocytic/signaling receptor that suppresses glycolysis and enables mitochondria transfer to neurons, protecting against ischemic stroke
PMID: 38906140
2
LRP1-targeted therapy promotes amyloid-β transcytosis across blood-brain barrier, reducing brain Aβ levels by 45% and improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease models
PMID: 41052971
3
LRP1 is a master regulator of tau uptake and spread; lysine residues in tau mediate LRP1 interaction, and LRP1 downregulation reduces tau propagation in vivo
PMID: 32296178
4
LRP1 mediates α-synuclein neuronal uptake and spread in prion-like fashion; lysine residues and N-terminus are critical for LRP1-mediated internalization of α-Syn species
PMID: 36056345
5
LRP1 is a host entry factor for Rift Valley fever virus; blocking LRP1 with antibodies or RAP domain 3 neutralizes RVFV infection and protects mice from disease
PMID: 34559985
6
Tumor cell LRP1 promotes gastric cancer ovarian metastasis through MDK-LRP1 signaling activated by estrogen-stimulated fibroblasts
PMID: 39349474
7
PCSK9 promotes breast cancer metastasis by targeting tumoral LRP1, and PCSK9 inhibition suppresses metastatic colonization
PMID: 39657676
8
LRP1 regulates amyloid-β metabolism and maintains brain homeostasis; impairment contributes to Alzheimer's disease development through both Aβ-dependent and independent pathways
PMID: 28381441
Disease Associationsⓘ22
developmental dysplasia of the hipOpen Targets
0.62Moderate
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.51Moderate
keratosis pilaris atrophicansOpen Targets
0.50Moderate
Alzheimer diseaseOpen Targets
0.46Moderate
Parkinson diseaseOpen Targets
0.44Moderate
multiple sclerosisOpen Targets
0.44Moderate
lysosomal storage diseaseOpen Targets
0.43Moderate
keratosis pilarisOpen Targets
0.40Moderate
atrophoderma vermiculataOpen Targets
0.37Weak
keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvansOpen Targets
0.37Weak
migraine disorderOpen Targets
0.35Weak
asthmaOpen Targets
0.31Weak
HeadacheOpen Targets
0.31Weak
Abdominal Aortic AneurysmOpen Targets
0.30Weak
atopic eczemaOpen Targets
0.29Weak
PainOpen Targets
0.29Weak
aortic aneurysmOpen Targets
0.29Weak
nervous system diseaseOpen Targets
0.28Weak
coronary artery diseaseOpen Targets
0.28Weak
Global developmental delayOpen Targets
0.27Weak
Developmental dysplasia of the hip 3UniProt
Keratosis pilaris atrophicansUniProt
Pathogenic Variants6
NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.4966+1G>TLikely pathogenic
Global developmental delay
★☆☆☆2021
NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.3734A>G (p.Lys1245Arg)Pathogenic
Atrophoderma vermiculatum|Keratosis pilaris
☆☆☆☆2024→ Residue 1245
NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.5347C>T (p.Arg1783Trp)Pathogenic
Developmental dysplasia of the hip 3
☆☆☆☆2024→ Residue 1783
NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.6386C>A (p.Thr2129Lys)Pathogenic
Developmental dysplasia of the hip 3
☆☆☆☆2024→ Residue 2129
NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.670C>G (p.Pro224Ala)Pathogenic
Developmental dysplasia of the hip 3
☆☆☆☆2024→ Residue 224
NM_002332.3(LRP1):c.2798-4C>APathogenic
Developmental dysplasia of the hip 3
☆☆☆☆2024
View on ClinVar ↗
Drug Targets1
ANG1005Phase II
Tubulin inhibitor
Related Genes
EGFRProtein interaction100%SERPINE1Protein interaction100%CALRProtein interaction100%LRPAP1Protein interaction100%ALBProtein interaction100%HSP90B1Protein interaction100%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Ovary
100%
Liver
83%
Lung
55%
Heart
28%
Brain
17%
Bone Marrow
14%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
LRP1EGFRSERPINE1CALRLRPAP1ALBHSP90B1
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB1J8E · 1.85 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.12Highly Constrained
pLIⓘ
1.00Intolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.09 [0.07–0.12]
RankingsWhere LRP1 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #471of 20,598
    Most Researched535 · top 5%
  • #3,288of 5,498
    Most Pathogenic Variants6
  • #105of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.12 · top 1%
Genes detectedLRP1
Sources retrieved50 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
50▼
1
Astrocytic LRP1 enables mitochondria transfer to neurons and mitigates brain ischemic stroke by suppressing ARF1 lactylation.
PMID: 38906140
Cell Metab · 2024
1.00
2
Rapid amyloid-β clearance and cognitive recovery through multivalent modulation of blood-brain barrier transport.
PMID: 41052971
Signal Transduct Target Ther · 2025
0.90
3
Oropouche orthobunyavirus infection is mediated by the cellular host factor Lrp1.
PMID: 35939689
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2022
0.86
4
Tau uptake by human neurons depends on receptor LRP1 and kinase LRRK2.
PMID: 40790356
EMBO J · 2025
0.82
5
The estrogen response in fibroblasts promotes ovarian metastases of gastric cancer.
PMID: 39349474
Nat Commun · 2024
0.80