MOBP (myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein) is a CNS-specific myelin protein that plays a critical role in compacting and stabilizing the myelin sheath 1. The protein likely functions by binding negatively charged acidic phospholipids of the cytoplasmic membrane to maintain myelin structural integrity. MOBP is emerging as a significant genetic risk factor across multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Genome-wide association studies have identified MOBP variants as independent susceptibility loci for progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) 23, sporadic frontotemporal dementia (sFTD) 4, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 5. In Alzheimer's disease, MOBP risk variants show APOE ε4-dependent effects 6. Recent transcriptomic evidence demonstrates that amyloid-β disrupts hnRNP A2-mediated RNA metabolism of MOBP and MBP, leading to altered myelin protein synthesis and oligodendrocyte dysfunction 7. Clinically, MOBP dysfunction appears linked to oligodendrocyte pathology common across dementia subtypes. Elevated myelin-associated gene expression, including MOBP, has been detected in microglia across Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson's disease dementia, suggesting impaired myelin clearance 8. Additionally, MOBP is recognized as a primary autoimmune target antigen in multiple sclerosis, with MOBP-reactive T-cells demonstrating pathogenic potential 1. These findings position MOBP as a key player in both genetic susceptibility and immune-mediated myelin pathology across neurodegenerative conditions.