MRPL37 is a mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit located on human chromosome 1 1. It functions as a structural component of the mitochondrial ribosome, participating in mitochondrial translation and protein synthesis 2. MRPL37 is widely expressed across tissues including lymphocytes, pancreas, liver, lung, heart, and reproductive organs, with highest expression in metabolically active tissues 1. Mechanistically, MRPL37 regulates mitochondrial protein synthesis and energy metabolism, influencing oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial function 2. Bioinformatic analysis suggests a homologous domain shared with PDCD9 (programmed cell death 9), indicating possible involvement in apoptotic processes 1. Clinically, MRPL37 demonstrates significant disease relevance in multiple cancers. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), MRPL37 upregulation associates with poor prognosis and tumor progression; knockdown inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis 2. MRPL37 was identified as a key prognostic gene in HCC and gastric cancer risk models 34. Additionally, an MRPL37 polymorphism (rs10888838) associates with increased venous thromboembolism recurrence risk in males 5, and MRPL37 downregulation correlates with Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis 6. The gene's role in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism positions it as a potential therapeutic target across multiple diseases.