MRPL47 is a structural component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit essential for oxidative phosphorylation protein synthesis 1. As a mitoribosomal protein, MRPL47 facilitates selective translation of electron transport chain complex proteins required for ATP generation 1. MRPL47 expression is significantly amplified and upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where it functions as a strong independent prognostic marker for poor survival 1. Mechanistically, MRPL47 depletion selectively impairs mitochondrial protein translation, leading to defective Complexes I and III assembly, reduced ATP synthesis, and elevated reactive oxygen species accumulation 1. This triggers ROS-mediated p38 phosphorylation and p21 upregulation, causing Rb hypophosphorylation and E2F pathway inhibition, ultimately inducing G1 cell cycle arrest and senescence 1. Beyond cancer, MRPL47 has been identified as a potential diagnostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma 2, lung squamous cell carcinoma 3, sarcopenia 4, and vitiligo 5. Additionally, MRPL47 variants are associated with vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy risk in childhood leukemia patients 6, and the locus has shown genetic linkage to Leber hereditary optic neuropathy expression 7.