MRPS17 encodes a mitochondrial ribosomal protein that functions as a structural component of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit, participating in mitochondrial translation 1. This protein is essential for proper mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism. MRPS17 has emerged as a significant biomarker across multiple disease contexts. In glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), elevated MRPS17 expression was associated with resistance to multiple treatment strategies, including temozolomide and nitrosoureas, identifying it as a potential predictor of poor treatment response 2. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), MRPS17 was among 14 mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes significantly upregulated in tumor samples and demonstrated good diagnostic performance, with expression linked to overall survival outcomes 1. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), dysregulated MRPS17 expression correlated with reduced survival and altered tumor purity, suggesting a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and cancer progression 3. Beyond oncology, integrative genomics analysis identified MRPS17 as a susceptibility gene for coronary artery disease (CAD), with altered co-expression patterns observed between CAD patients and controls 4. Clinically, deletions encompassing MRPS17 have been associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, including psychomotor delay and dysmorphic features, though the specific contribution of MRPS17 loss requires further characterization 5.