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GeneE
10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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MYORG
myogenesis regulating glycosidase
Chromosome 9 · 9p13.3
NCBI Gene: 57462Ensembl: ENSG00000164976.10HGNC: HGNC:19918UniProt: Q6NSJ0
31PubMed Papers
21Diseases
0Drugs
36Pathogenic Variants
CLINICAL
OMIM Disease Gene
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
endoplasmic reticulum membranealpha-galactosidase activityskeletal muscle fiber developmentnuclear membranebilateral striopallidodentate calcinosisAbnormality of the skeletal systemBasal ganglia calcificationgenetic disorder
✦AI Summary

MYORG (myogenesis regulating glycosidase) is an endoplasmic reticulum-localized enzyme that functions as an α-galactosidase with unusual specificity for Gal-α1,4-Glc structures, though its in vivo substrate remains unknown 1. The protein belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 31 and is primarily expressed in astrocytes 2. MYORG plays a critical role in brain phosphate homeostasis, with studies showing that it facilitates phosphate uptake by the transporter PiT2 in astrocytes, contributing to their high phosphate transport capacity 3. Biallelic mutations in MYORG cause autosomal recessive primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), also known as Fahr's disease, characterized by bilateral calcium-phosphate deposits in the basal ganglia and other brain regions 45. Patients with MYORG mutations typically exhibit extensive brain calcification with nearly 100% clinical penetrance, presenting with movement disorders, cognitive decline, and psychiatric disturbances 6. Disease-causing mutations result in loss of enzymatic activity and are distributed throughout the MYORG coding region 12. The pathogenic mechanism involves disruption of the neurovascular unit and phosphate dysregulation, contributing to blood-brain barrier dysfunction and progressive neurodegeneration 7.

Sources cited
1
MYORG is an α-galactosidase with specificity for Gal-α1,4-Glc structures and belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 31
PMID: 36129849
2
MYORG is primarily expressed in astrocytes and is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum
PMID: 31440850
3
MYORG facilitates phosphate uptake by PiT2 transporter and contributes to astrocyte phosphate transport capacity
PMID: 39019040
4
MYORG mutations cause autosomal recessive primary familial brain calcification
PMID: 40169250
5
MYORG is one of seven genes associated with PFBC, inherited in recessive manner
PMID: 37446066
6
Biallelic MYORG mutations show nearly 100% clinical penetrance and cause extensive brain calcification
PMID: 37680026
7
PFBC involves neurovascular unit dysfunction and phosphate dysregulation leading to neurodegeneration
PMID: 36862146
Disease Associationsⓘ21
bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosisOpen Targets
0.79Strong
Abnormality of the skeletal systemOpen Targets
0.46Moderate
Basal ganglia calcificationOpen Targets
0.27Weak
genetic disorderOpen Targets
0.15Weak
DysarthriaOpen Targets
0.12Weak
osteoarthritis, hipOpen Targets
0.11Weak
total joint arthroplastyOpen Targets
0.11Weak
osteoarthritis, kneeOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
MODYOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase deficiencyOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
hyperproinsulinemiaOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 10Open Targets
0.05Suggestive
exercise-induced hyperinsulinismOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
Glycogen storage disease due to hepatic glycogen synthase deficiencyOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
glycogen storage disorder due to hepatic glycogen synthase deficiencyOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
type 2 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
hyperinsulinism due to INSR deficiencyOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency, mitochondrialOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 7, autosomal recessiveUniProt
Pathogenic Variants36
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.494_509dup (p.Ala171fs)Likely pathogenic
not provided|MYORG-related disorder|Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 7, autosomal recessive
★★☆☆2025→ Residue 171
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.1718_1721dup (p.Ile575fs)Pathogenic
not provided
★★☆☆2024→ Residue 575
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.337_348dup (p.Leu113_Arg116dup)Pathogenic
Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 7, autosomal recessive|not provided
★★☆☆2022→ Residue 113
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.1270_1277del (p.Arg424fs)Likely pathogenic
Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 7, autosomal recessive
★☆☆☆2025→ Residue 424
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.663del (p.Phe221fs)Pathogenic
not provided
★☆☆☆2025→ Residue 221
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.346dup (p.Arg116fs)Pathogenic
Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 7, autosomal recessive
★☆☆☆2025→ Residue 116
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.1394del (p.Gly465fs)Likely pathogenic
not provided
★☆☆☆2025→ Residue 465
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.1394dup (p.Glu466fs)Pathogenic
Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 7, autosomal recessive
★☆☆☆2025→ Residue 466
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.325C>T (p.Gln109Ter)Pathogenic
not provided
★☆☆☆2025→ Residue 109
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.234C>A (p.Tyr78Ter)Likely pathogenic
Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 7, autosomal recessive
★☆☆☆2024→ Residue 78
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.1681del (p.Gln561fs)Pathogenic
not provided
★☆☆☆2024→ Residue 561
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.1270_1277dup (p.Trp426fs)Likely pathogenic
Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 7, autosomal recessive
★☆☆☆2024→ Residue 426
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.1523del (p.Gln508fs)Likely pathogenic
Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 7, autosomal recessive
★☆☆☆2024→ Residue 508
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.535_536insC (p.Gly179fs)Pathogenic
not provided
★☆☆☆2024→ Residue 179
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.2019_2023del (p.Asp674fs)Likely pathogenic
not provided
★☆☆☆2024→ Residue 674
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.972C>G (p.Tyr324Ter)Pathogenic
not provided
★☆☆☆2024→ Residue 324
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.1832G>T (p.Arg611Leu)Likely pathogenic
Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 7, autosomal recessive
★☆☆☆2024→ Residue 611
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.265dup (p.Arg89fs)Pathogenic
not provided
★☆☆☆2024→ Residue 89
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.1889del (p.Gly630fs)Likely pathogenic
Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 7, autosomal recessive
★☆☆☆2023→ Residue 630
NM_020702.5(MYORG):c.701_702del (p.Ala234fs)Likely pathogenic
Basal ganglia calcification, idiopathic, 7, autosomal recessive
★☆☆☆2023→ Residue 234
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
SLC20A2Protein interaction67%XPR1Co-mentioned in literature30%JAM2Co-mentioned in literature30%IDNKShared pathway25%GLT6D1Shared pathway25%LANCL3Shared pathway25%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Brain
31%
Heart
14%
Lung
6%
Ovary
2%
Bone Marrow
1%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
MYORGSLC20A2XPR1JAM2IDNKGLT6D1LANCL3
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB7QQH · 2.25 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.21LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.94 [0.74–1.21]
RankingsWhere MYORG stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #11,750of 20,598
    Most Researched31
  • #1,662of 5,498
    Most Pathogenic Variants36
  • #12,686of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.21
Genes detectedMYORG
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Basal ganglia calcification: 'Fahr's disease'.
PMID: 40169250
Pract Neurol · 2025
1.00
2
The Genetics of Primary Familial Brain Calcification: A Literature Review.
PMID: 37446066
Int J Mol Sci · 2023
0.90
3
Astrocytes modulate brain phosphate homeostasis via polarized distribution of phosphate uptake transporter PiT2 and exporter XPR1.
PMID: 39019040
Neuron · 2024
0.80
4
The clinical and genetic spectrum of primary familial brain calcification.
PMID: 36862146
J Neurol · 2023
0.70
5
MYORG Mutations: a Major Cause of Recessive Primary Familial Brain Calcification.
PMID: 31440850
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep · 2019
0.60