NCAPH (non-SMC condensin I complex subunit H) is a regulatory subunit of the condensin complex essential for mitotic chromosome 2 1. During neurogenesis, NCAPH ensures accurate chromosome 2 in neural stem cells, affecting neuron pool and cortex size 2. Beyond its canonical chr2 role, NCAPH functions as an oncogenic protein across multiple cancer types. In breast cancer, elevated NCAPH correlates with luminal A tumor aggressiveness and poor chemotherapy response, with a derived 10-gene signature (GSLA10) outperforming existing prognostic tools 34. NCAPH drives cancer progression through multiple pathways: it inhibits autophagy via AKT/mTOR signaling in cervical cancer 5, interacts with YAP1 to enhance breast cancer stem cell properties via Hippo pathway activation 6, and stabilizes PD-L1 protein to promote immune evasion in head and neck cancer 7. NCAPH activates oncogenic signaling cascades including β-Catenin/PD-L1, PI3K/AKT, and MEK/ERK pathways 8. In lung adenocarcinoma, high NCAPH expression independently predicts poor prognosis and associates with immune infiltration 9. These findings establish NCAPH as a pleiotropic oncogenic driver and promising therapeutic target across solid tumors.