NDUFV2 encodes the 24-kDa iron-sulfur subunit of mitochondrial respiratory complex I, which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH to ubiquinone in the electron transport chain 12. The gene is located on chromosome 18.2-p11.31 and spans approximately 20-31.5 kb with 8 exons 12. NDUFV2 contains an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence (first 22 residues) that directs the protein to mitochondria, where it undergoes cleavage around amino acid 32 3. The protein functions in the peripheral arm of complex I, accepting electrons from NADH via flavin mononucleotide and transferring them through iron-sulfur clusters to ubiquinone 3. Disease associations include early-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy, where mutations affecting mitochondrial targeting impair cellular respiration 3. NDUFV2 expression is dysregulated in psychiatric disorders, with decreased levels in bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia lymphoblastoid cells 4. Recent studies identify NDUFV2 as a potential therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease and demonstrate its role in cancer radioresistance through regulation of macrophage metabolism and ferroptosis 56. The gene has clinical significance in mitochondrial complex I deficiency and various neuropsychiatric conditions.